Changing travel patterns in China and ‘carbon footprint’ implications for a domestic tourist destination

Luo, Fen; Becken, Susanne; Zhong, Yongde

doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2017.09.012

Cited by 68 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Some scholars have performed research on the sustainable development of heritage tourism sites from the perspective of community participation [45], tourists' behavior [74,75], and low carbon tourism products [75]. However, there are few studies on carbon emissions of tourist attractions at heritage tourist destinations currently [3,16,20,47]. Due to the varied factors of heritage protection, large-scale esthetic areas, enhancement of the quality of tourists' experience, and increased tourism income, many heritage tourist destinations have developed different operational modes of tourism transportation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies have focused on the estimation of tourism-related carbon emissions under different spatial scales; for example, at the political and economic entity scale like the European Union [4,5], at the country scale [6][7][8][9], at the regional scale [10,11], at the city scale [12,13], and at the tourist destination scale [14][15][16]. Moreover, a lot of studies have focused on accounting for the carbon emissions of different tourism sectors, such as tourism transportation [3,[17][18][19][20], tourism accommodation [21][22][23][24][25], tourist attractions and zone [58], and assessment of urban cultural-heritage protection zones [56]. Based on the different tourist attractions and activities in each functional zoning of heritage sites, this paper attempts to analyze the temporal and spatial evolution of carbon emissions and its influencing factors for tourist attractions at a heritage tourist destination.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many scholars have performed quantitative research on the sustainable development of heritage tourism sites from the aspects of resources [33], energy [16,47], environment [48,49], and ecology [50]. However, to our knowledge, only a few scholars have paid attention to the energy consumption and carbon emissions of tourism at heritage tourism sites [3,16,20,50]. As for the research method, the main measurement and analysis methods of carbon emissions commonly used by scholars are "bottom-up" analysis methods [18], "top-down" analysis methods [26], ecological footprint analysis [51], life cycle analysis [52], expenditure approaches [53], input-output analysis [54], Tourism Satellite Account [55].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Temporal and Spatial Evolution of Carbon Emissions and Their Influencing Factors for Tourist Attractions at Heritage Tourist Destinations

Chengcai

Wan

et al. 2019

Sustainability

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Carbon emissions play an important role in sustainable tourism development at heritage sites. The study takes the Wulingyuan Scenic and Historic Interest Area (WSHIA) as an example, and primary and secondary data sources are used to measure and estimate the carbon emissions of tourist attractions from 1979 to 2014. The temporal and spatial evolution of carbon emissions and their influencing factors for tourist attractions at heritage tourist destinations are analyzed. The results show that there are great differences in carbon emissions per visitor across the different types of tourism attractions at the heritage tourist destination, and there are significant monthly and interannual differences in the carbon emissions of the tourism attractions in the WSHIA. The main influencing factors include tourism seasonality, the rapid growth of China's tourism market, and the rising popularity of heritage tourism. The spatial evolution of carbon emissions of the tourist attractions can be divided into three stages, and its main influencing factors include functional zoning and environmental regulation at the heritage sites and diversified evolution of the heritage tourist attractions. The findings of this study could enrich theories of low-carbon tourism and provide the low-carbon development measures of sustainable tourism in heritage tourist destinations for policymakers.activities [25][26][27][28] and others. Previous findings on energy and CO 2 emissions in the tourism industry mainly focus on three sectors: transportation, accommodation, and activities [17,18]. Many studies have indicated that transportation and accommodation account for a large portion of the energy consumption and CO 2 emissions in the tourism industry [1,9]. There are few studies on energy consumption and carbon emissions of tourist attractions and activities when compared to tourism transportation and accommodation. Tourist attractions and activities, considered as a sub-sector in the conceptual framework for tourism satellite accounts (TSA) of the WTO (1999), constitute the core of the tourism product [17]. A study shows that the proportion of carbon emissions of tourist attractions and activities from the whole tourism industry is 22.46% at the destination in 2015 [15]. It can be concluded that carbon emissions from tourist attractions and activities are very important and the corresponding data is lacking in the study of sustainable tourism, so this paper tries to fill this gap through calculating and analyzing carbon emissions of tourist attractions and activities.World Heritage Sites are the most important tourist attractions in the world. According to the statistics of the United Nations Educational Science and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), the World Heritage List consists of 1121 World Heritage Sites, including 869 cultural sites, 213 natural sites, and 39 mixed sites as of July 2019. While the basic objective of UNESCO in the designation of the World Heritage Sites is to promote their protection and preservation, some destinations are pr...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temporal and Spatial Evolution of Carbon Emissions and Their Influencing Factors for Tourist Attractions at Heritage Tourist Destinations

Chengcai

Wan

et al. 2019

Sustainability

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“…As the largest global tourist source country, China's tourism has grown exponentially and is now three times that of global international tourist arrivals [8]. In 2017, there were 5 billion domestic tourists and 270 million international tourists in China; by contrast, the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) recorded 1.32 billion global international arrivals in 2017 [4,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Accordingly, to investigate the tourism industry, some effective analysis methods used in prior studies have been employed. The existing research methods can be classified into top-down and bottom-up approaches [8]. The top-down approaches for tourism include input-output (IO) models [35,36] and computable general equilibrium (CGE) modelling [32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Balancing Tourism’s Economic Benefit and CO2 Emissions: An Insight from Input–Output and Tourism Satellite Account Analysis

Tang

et al. 2019

Sustainability

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To balance tourism’s economic benefit and environmental pollution, this paper proposes an analytical approach by using the input–output (IO) model and tourism satellite accounts (TSA). Four steps are taken: (1) the setting of system boundaries according to the combined IO and TSA database; (2) economic benefit estimation for tourism income, sectoral multipliers and inter-sector linkages; (3) environmental pollution estimation of direct and indirect CO2 emissions; and (4) a policy analysis to balance the economic benefit and CO2 emissions (in terms of reducing the CO2 emissions intensity) in tourism-related sectors. In the case of Beijing, some interesting insights can be obtained. Beijing’s tourism sectors experienced a fast economic growth and a clear decrease in CO2 emissions during 2007–2012, with the former having a greater absolute change rate (particularly for the shopping and sightseeing sectors). In all tourism sectors (except for transportation), the indirect CO2 emissions were over three times greater than the direct CO2 emissions. Transportation was a leading contributor to both the economic benefit (representing 91.65% of tourism income in 2012) and to environmental pollution (representing 38.75% of tourism-related CO2 emissions). The detailed findings regarding the industrial and energy structures offer insightful policies for a high-benefit and low-emissions development of tourism.

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High‐speed rail and tourism in China: An urban agglomeration perspective

Yang

Cui

2018

Journal of Tourism Research

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This work aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the association between high‐speed rail (HSR) operation and tourist arrivals in China. A panel data of 238 prefecture‐level cities from 2003 to 2013 is analyzed, using both system generalized method of moments estimation and synthetic control methods. Nationwide, HSR implementation generates sizable tourist inflows, with stronger effect for international arrivals than for domestic ones. Furthermore, heterogeneous HSR impacts are identified through the lens of urban agglomeration: (a) Connection with core cities is quintessential in channeling international customers to the hinterlands, and (b) national cores and hinterlands benefit prominently whereas regional cores lose from HSR accessibility.

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Changing travel patterns in China and ‘carbon footprint’ implications for a domestic tourist destination

Cited by 68 publications

References 42 publications

Temporal and Spatial Evolution of Carbon Emissions and Their Influencing Factors for Tourist Attractions at Heritage Tourist Destinations

Temporal and Spatial Evolution of Carbon Emissions and Their Influencing Factors for Tourist Attractions at Heritage Tourist Destinations

Balancing Tourism’s Economic Benefit and CO2 Emissions: An Insight from Input–Output and Tourism Satellite Account Analysis

High‐speed rail and tourism in China: An urban agglomeration perspective

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