Changing the vocal characteristics of a postoperative transsexual patient: A longitudinal study

Mount, Kay H.; Salmon, Shirley

doi:10.1016/0021-9924(88)90031-7

Cited by 90 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…LA's second formant frequencies began and ended 600 Hz higher than the 63-year-old case reported by Mount and Salmon (1988), but that may reflect differences in physical size of the vocal tract. A more appropriate comparison is that LA's F2 of sustained /i/ increased 7% whereas the Mount and Salmon case increased 14%.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 59%

Adolescent male-to-female transgender voice and communication therapy

Hancock

Helenius

2012

Journal of Communication Disorders

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 59%

Adolescent male-to-female transgender voice and communication therapy

Hancock

Helenius

2012

Journal of Communication Disorders

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“…As described in Section 1, this is very reasonable because of the claims from speech therapists and speech engineers in [5,6,7]. In the proposed method using both features, the correlation reaches 0.90 and we can say that our estimator is a very good simulator of human judgment of femininity.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 51%

“…Although the F 0 range is certainly raised in the new voice, as far as the fourth author knows, it is a pity that the naturalness is decreased in the new voice instead. Further, many clinical papers and engineering papers on speech synthesis claim that raising the F 0 range alone does not produce good femininity [5,6,7]. Since the shape of the vocal tract has a strong effect on the voice quality, good control of the articulators has to be learned to achieve good femininity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved estimation of femininity using GMM supervectors and SVR for voice therapy of Gender Identity Disorder Clients

Chengshuo

Suzuki

Minematsu

et al. 2013

2013 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing

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This paper proposes a new method of estimating perceptual femininity (PF) of an input utterance using Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) supervectors and support vector regression (SVR). The method is used to develop a femininity estimation tool, which is introduced to voice therapy of Gender Identity Disorder (GID) clients, especially MtF (Male to Female) transsexuals. In our previous study [1], we developed a PF estimator, where a male GMM and a female GMM of spectral features and those of pitch features were built and their likelihood scores of an input utterance were combined by linear regression to estimate PF. In this work, inspired by recent speaker recognition models [2], we replace the four likelihood scores from the four GMMs with supervectors composed by a spectral GMM and a pitch GMM estimated from an input utterance. Further, instead of simple linear regression, we introduce SVR, which is discriminative linear regression. Experiments using an MtF speech corpus show that the proposed method improves correlation between human and machine scores of PF and also reduces squared prediction error.

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“…Although the F 0 range is certainly raised in the new voice, as far as the third author knows, it is a pity that the naturalness is decreased in the new voice instead. Further, many clinical papers and engineering papers on speech synthesis claim that raising the F 0 range alone does not produce good femininity [3,4,5]. Since shape of the vocal tract has a strong effect on the voice quality, good control of the articulators has to be learned to achieve good femininity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Femininity Estimator using Speaker Recognition Techniques for Voice Therapy of Gender Identity Disorder Clients

Minematsu

Maruyama

Sakuraba³

et al. 2007

2007 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing - ICASSP '07

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This paper describes the development of an estimator of perceptual femininity (PF) of an input utterance using speaker recognition techniques. The estimator was designed for its clinical use and the target speakers are Gender Identity Disorder (GID) clients, especially MtF (Male to Female) transsexuals. The voice therapy for MtFs is composed of three kinds of training; 1) raising the baseline F 0 range, 2) changing the baseline voice quality, and 3) enhancing F 0 dynamics to produce an exaggerated intonation pattern. The first two focus on static acoustic properties of speech and the voice quality is mainly controlled by size and shape of the articulators, which can be acoustically characterized by the spectral envelope. Gaussian Mixture Models (GMM) of F 0 values and spectrums were built separately for biologically male speakers and female ones. Using the four models, PF was estimated automatically for each of 142 utterances of 111 MtFs. The estimated values were compared with the PF values obtained through listening tests. Results showed very high correlation (R=0.86), which is comparable to the intra-rater correlation.

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Changing the vocal characteristics of a postoperative transsexual patient: A longitudinal study

Cited by 90 publications

References 9 publications

Adolescent male-to-female transgender voice and communication therapy

Adolescent male-to-female transgender voice and communication therapy

Improved estimation of femininity using GMM supervectors and SVR for voice therapy of Gender Identity Disorder Clients

Development of a Femininity Estimator using Speaker Recognition Techniques for Voice Therapy of Gender Identity Disorder Clients

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