Under the current UK regulatory framework for electricity distribution networks, asset upgrades are planned with the objectives of minimising both capital costs (and thus customer fees) and social costs such as those associated with carbon emissions and customer interruptions. This approach naturally results in economic trade-offs as network solutions meant to reduce social costs typically increase (sometimes significantly) capital costs, and vice versa. This can become an issue in a smart grid context where new operational solutions such as Demand Response (DR) may emerge. More specifically, even though there is a general belief that smart solutions will only provide benefits due to their potential to displace investments in costly assets (e.g., lines and substations), they may also introduce trade-offs associated with increased operational expenditure, power losses and emissions compared with networks with upgraded assets. On the other hand, the flexibility inherent in smart solutions could be used to balance the different types of costs, leading to attractive cost trade-offs if properly modelled, quantified and regulated. However, given the fundamental "non-asset" nature of DR, properly quantifying the resulting trade-offs so