Changing the paradigm: Simulation, now a method of first resort

Abstract

Decades ago, simulation was famously characterized as a "method of last resort," to which analysts should turn only "when all else fails." In those intervening decades, the technologies supporting simulation-computing hardware, simulationmodeling paradigms, simulation software, design-and-analysis methods-have all advanced dramatically. We offer an updated view that simulation is now a very appealing option for modeling and analysis. When applied properly, simulation can provide fully as much insight, with as much precision as desired, as can exact analytical methods that are based on more restrictive assumptions. The fundamental advantage of simulation is that it can tolerate far less restrictive modeling assumptions, leading to an underlying model that is more reflective of reality and thus more valid, leading to better decisions.

Benefits of robust multiobjective optimization for flexible automotive assembly line balancing

“…Simulation techniques allow the modeling of complex systems in a natural way (Nance andSargent 2002, Gass andAssad 2005). These techniques can be incorporated into optimization models without a mathematical sophistication and the computational time typically stays manageable (Lucas et al 2015). Simulation techniques can be considered as a powerful tool to detect and evaluate those situations where risks could appear and also provide with a robust optimization solution.…”

Orthogonal second‐order space‐filling designs with insights from simulation experiments to support test planning

“…An iterative “model‐test‐model” approach is beneficial from the beginning of the simulation model development and through all phases of the developmental and operational test process. This approach allows analysts and test planners to simultaneously develop an understanding of the simulation's behavior, use designed experiments to assist in structured verification and validation (V&V), and help build the model's credibility regarding its intended use . Large‐scale simulation experiments are also beneficial for expeditiously exploring and developing new doctrine and tactics that might otherwise be overlooked.…”

Improving U.S. Navy Campaign Analyses with Big Data

“…Prior to the 1950s, campaign models were limited to those with analytical solutions. With the advent of digital computing in the mid-20th century, the models rapidly grew in scope, complexity, and realism (Lucas et al 2015). Indeed, we now have a trillionfold more processing power than those pioneer military OR analysts had half a century ago.…”