Changing testicular histology in AIDS: its implication for sexual transmission of HIV

Shevchuk, Maria M.; Pigato, J B; Khalife, Ghada; Armenakas, Noel A.; Fracchia, John A.

doi:10.1016/s0090-4295(98)00463-4

Cited by 37 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Men with HIV/AIDS are not known to have an increased prevalence of cryptorchidism, polythelia, hypospadias, or gonadal differentiation disorders associated with testicular cancer (13)(14)(15). In contrast, the majority of men dying of AIDS do have testicular atrophy (16,17) and more specifically hypospermatogenesis, spermatogenic arrest, or a Sertoli-cellonly testicular histology (18). These pathologic abnormalities also are seen adjacent to a GCT or in the contralateral testis of men with GCT, supporting the hypothesis that they are a manifestation of a premalignant testicular dysgenesis syndrome (19,20).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk of Germ Cell Tumors among Men with HIV/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Goedert

Purdue²,

McNeel³

et al. 2007

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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Background: Men with HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) are reported to be at increased risk for germ cell tumors (GCT), particularly testicular seminoma. We investigated correlates of this association to improve understanding of GCTs. Methods: Testicular and extratesticular seminoma and nonseminoma cases were found by linking population-based cancer and HIV/AIDS registry data for 268,950 men who developed AIDS in 1980 to 2003. Standardized incidence ratios (SIR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were used to compare these cases with the number of cases expected in the demographically matched population. Results: Overall, seminoma risk (161 cases: SIR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.6-2.2) was increased significantly with HIV/AIDS, whereas nonseminoma risk was not (56 cases: SIR, 1.3; 95% CI, 0.96-1.7). Extratesticular GCT risk also was increased (11 cases:

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Improving anti-HIV treatments was associated with a decreased prevalence of spermatogenic arrest, which declined from 48% among men who died of AIDS in 1981 to 1987 to 28% among AIDS decedents in 1988 to 1995 (18). Two (29%) of seven AIDS decedents in the HAART era also had spermatogenic arrest (18).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk of Germ Cell Tumors among Men with HIV/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Goedert

Purdue²,

McNeel³

et al. 2007

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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“…Since then, other authors have described the arrest of spermatogenesis at various points, numerous foci of degenerating germ cells, and epididymis block. Interestingly, a study of 140 testicular autopsy specimens from AIDS patients with and without antiviral treatment showed that treatment and prolongation of survival in AIDS patients is associated with a shift in the histologic findings for testes toward a more pronounced loss of germ cells (304). These morphological observations have raised questions about the mode of action of HIV on the testis.…”

Section: The Human Testismentioning

confidence: 99%

Viruses in the Mammalian Male Genital Tract and Their Effects on the Reproductive System

Dejucq

Jégou

2001

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

287

220

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This review describes the various viruses identified in the semen and reproductive tracts of mammals (including humans), their distribution in tissues and fluids, their possible cell targets, and the functional consequences of their infectivity on the reproductive and endocrine systems. The consequences of these viral infections on the reproductive tract and semen can be extremely serious in terms of organ integrity, development of pathological and cancerous processes, and transmission of diseases. Furthermore, of essential importance is the fact that viral infection of the testicular cells may result not only in changes in testicular function, a serious risk for the fertility and general health of the individual (such as a fall in testosteronemia leading to cachexia), but also in the possible transmission of virus-induced mutations to subsequent generations. In addition to providing an exhaustive account of the data available in these domains, this review focuses attention on the fact that the interface between endocrinology and virology has so far been poorly explored, particularly when major health, social and economical problems are posed. Our conclusions highlight the research strategies that need to be developed. Progress in all these domains is essential for the development of new treatment strategies to eradicate viruses and to correct the virus-induced dysfunction of the endocrine system

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“…Other studies suggest HIV positive men have more viscous semen containing fewer motile sperm and more round cells [13]. It has been shown that with prolongation of survival in AIDS patients there was more pronounced loss of germ cells within the testes [14]. HIV infection is known to cause secondary hypogonadism and a thus a low testosterone level [15].…”

Section: Hiv Infection and Fertilitymentioning

confidence: 99%