Changing racial boundaries and mixed unions: the case of second-generation Filipino Americans

Why we still need to talk about race

“…However, some scholars have more recently questioned the assumptions about the social outcomes of intermarriage with White people (see Song 2009;Vasquez 2014;Rodriguez-Garcia 2015). Furthermore, increasingly, intermarriages will involve unions without wholly White partners (see Gambol 2016).…”

Learning about Race: The Lived Experiences of Interracially Married U.S.-born White and European Immigrant Women in the 1930s

“…Second, most of the studies on intermarriages between U.S.-born ethnoracial minorities and immigrants treat intermarriage between U.S.-born minorities and immigrants as outcome variables rather than as the focus of study (Gambol 2016; see, e.g., Bohra-Mishra and Massey 2015; Lichter et al 2015). Other than Brenda Gambol’s (2016) article on second-generation Filipino immigrants who marry U.S.-born nonwhites, sociologists have paid very little qualitative attention to the experiences of intermarried U.S.-born minorities and immigrants.…”

“…Additionally, attending to European immigrant–African American marriages is also important given the continuing rise of interracial marriages between U.S.-born whites and U.S.-born ethnoracial minorities (Livingston and Brown 2017) and those between U.S.-born ethnoracial minorities and nonwhite immigrants (Bohra-Mishra and Massey 2015; Gambol 2016). Interracial marriage studies found that whites in these relationships were often surprised by the racial hostility they encountered because of their romantic partnerships with nonwhites (Chito Childs 2005; Dalmage 2000; Frankenberg 1993; Steinbugler 2012; Twine 2010).…”

“…For ethnoracial minorities, intermarriages to whites or nonwhites have implications for their own racial identities and how they view racial boundaries. Those married to whites often draw racial boundaries between themselves and other ethnoracial minorities (Lee and Bean 2010), while those married to nonwhites tend to align themselves with other ethnoracial minorities (Gambol 2016). Although our study presents a historical view of these more current observations, it demonstrates how exploring racial stratification of the past continues to matter for understanding how racial stratification affects lived experiences in the present.…”

“…The concept of racialization (Omi and Winant 2015) informs our study. Racialization helps explain how race operates on institutional and interpersonal levels to teach individuals about the norms that govern racial relationships in the United States and frames learning about racial boundaries as relational (Gambol 2016;Glenn 2004). Omi and Winant (2015) defined racialization as "the extension of racial meaning to a previously racially unclassified relationship, social practice, or group" (p. 111).…”