Changing patterns of orphan care due to the HIV epidemic in western Kenya

Disclosure of HIV status between parents and children in Uganda in the context of greater access to treatment

“…As Ankrah (1993) notes, African families are extensive, and even neighbours are considered relatives. Due to HIV and AIDS, many children no longer live with their biological parents; some live with strangers (Nyambedha, Wandiba & Aagaard-Hansen 2003). Nevertheless, belonging or being connected to a family by blood or otherwise is an important identity entitling one to care and a share of the family's resources as well as their grief.…”

Orphan competent communities: A framework for community analysis and action

“…Some of the more vulnerable households are those with bedridden, sick (Robson et al, 2006), or ageing (Nyambedha, Wandibba, & Aagaard-Hansen, 2003a;Nyambedha et al, 2003b) members. Whilst elderly and sick foster parents might provide valuable emotional support, they might not be able to provide for children's material and physical needs (Robson et al, 2006;Young & Ansell, 2003).…”

Care arrangements, grief and psychological problems among children orphaned by AIDS in China

“…Although most orphans are frequently cared of by extended family members, these orphans are more likely to live in households with less favorable dependency ratios and greater experiences of financial hardship (Monasch & Boerma, 2004;Nyambedha, Wandibba, & Aagaard-Hansen, 2003a;Nyambedha, Wandibba, & Aagaard-Hansen, 2003b;Oleke, Blystand, & Rekdal, 2005;Safman, 2004). Orphans have lower school attendance, lower school completion rates, and/or are less likely than non-orphans to be at the age-appropriate grade level (Bicego, Rutstein, & Johnson, 2003;Makame et al, 2002;Monasch & Boerma, 2004;Nyambedha et al, 2003b;Nyamukapa & Gregson, 2005).…”

“…Although most orphans are frequently cared of by extended family members, these orphans are more likely to live in households with less favorable dependency ratios and greater experiences of financial hardship (Monasch & Boerma, 2004;Nyambedha, Wandibba, & Aagaard-Hansen, 2003a;Nyambedha, Wandibba, & Aagaard-Hansen, 2003b;Oleke, Blystand, & Rekdal, 2005;Safman, 2004). Orphans have lower school attendance, lower school completion rates, and/or are less likely than non-orphans to be at the age-appropriate grade level (Bicego, Rutstein, & Johnson, 2003;Makame et al, 2002;Monasch & Boerma, 2004;Nyambedha et al, 2003b;Nyamukapa & Gregson, 2005). Although mixed results about physical health and health care access have been reported among orphans as compared with non-orphans (Crampin et al, 2003;Lindblade, Odhiambo, Rosen, & DeCock, 2003;Masmas et al, 2004;Nyambedha et al, 2003a;Nyambedha et al, 2003b;Sarker, Neckermann, & Muller, 2005), psychological problems have been consistently observed among orphans (Atwine, Cantor-Graae, & Bajunirwe, 2005;Cluver & Gardner, 2006;Makame et al, 2002;Pelton & Forehand, 2005).…”

“…Orphans have lower school attendance, lower school completion rates, and/or are less likely than non-orphans to be at the age-appropriate grade level (Bicego, Rutstein, & Johnson, 2003;Makame et al, 2002;Monasch & Boerma, 2004;Nyambedha et al, 2003b;Nyamukapa & Gregson, 2005). Although mixed results about physical health and health care access have been reported among orphans as compared with non-orphans (Crampin et al, 2003;Lindblade, Odhiambo, Rosen, & DeCock, 2003;Masmas et al, 2004;Nyambedha et al, 2003a;Nyambedha et al, 2003b;Sarker, Neckermann, & Muller, 2005), psychological problems have been consistently observed among orphans (Atwine, Cantor-Graae, & Bajunirwe, 2005;Cluver & Gardner, 2006;Makame et al, 2002;Pelton & Forehand, 2005). Orphans have markedly increased internalizing problems and higher levels of anxiety, depression, anger, and depressive disorders, as compared with their counterparts (Atwine et al, 2005;Makame et al, 2002).…”