Changing patterns of invasive Haemophilus influenzae disease in England and Wales after introduction of the Hib vaccination programme

Hargreaves, R; Slack, Mary P. E.; Howard, Anthony; Anderson, E. C.; Ramsay, Mary

doi:10.1136/bmj.312.7024.160

Cited by 89 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…An exception was the original Hib conjugate immunization schedule used in the United Kingdom, which did not include a booster dose for toddlers. 37,38 The original immunization regimen in the United Kingdom, which involved administering PRP-T combined with DTwP at 2, 3, and 4 months of age, initially led to an impressive decrease of invasive Hib disease. [37][38][39] However, a resurgence of cases occurred in the late 1990s.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…37,38 The original immunization regimen in the United Kingdom, which involved administering PRP-T combined with DTwP at 2, 3, and 4 months of age, initially led to an impressive decrease of invasive Hib disease. [37][38][39] However, a resurgence of cases occurred in the late 1990s. 40,41 This was brought under control by a catch-up campaign and eventual introduction of a Hib booster dose at 12 months of age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Naturally Acquired and Conjugate Vaccine-Induced Antibody to Haemophilus influenzae Type b (Hib) Polysaccharide in Malian Children: Serological Assessment of the Hib Immunization Program in Mali

Hütter¹,

Pasetti²,

Sanogo³

et al. 2012

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) conjugate vaccine for infants (6, 10, and 14 weeks of age) was introduced into the Malian Expanded Program on Immunization in July 2005, to diminish invasive Hib disease in young children. Antibodies to Hib capsular polysaccharide (PRP) were measured in infants and toddlers from an area already served by the Hib immunization program (Bamako) and in unimmunized children of the same age in a district (Kangaba) where Hib immunization had not yet begun. Among vaccinated Bamako children 6 -23 months of age, 77-93% exhibited PRP titers 1.0 μg/mL, indicating long-term protection, versus only 10 -23% of Kangaba children of that age. High PRP antibody titers in immunized children persisted through 2 years of age. Moreover,~50% of Bamako children exhibited anti-PRP titers 5.0 μg/mL; a level that impedes Hib upper respiratory carriage, and may thereby diminish the Hib transmission to the unimmunized susceptible population (i.e., providing indirect protection).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Naturally Acquired and Conjugate Vaccine-Induced Antibody to Haemophilus influenzae Type b (Hib) Polysaccharide in Malian Children: Serological Assessment of the Hib Immunization Program in Mali

Hütter¹,

Pasetti²,

Sanogo³

et al. 2012

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…First, invasive infections due to non-type b encapsulated H. influenzae have increased in relative importance with the decline of Hib disease (7,18,21). Active surveillance studies report that the incidence of invasive non-type b encapsulated H. influenzae infections is currently approximately 0.3 case per 100,000 people, with a patient fatality rate of 3.2 to 18.7% (2).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

pgi Genotyping Is a Surrogate for Serotyping of Encapsulated Haemophilus influenzae

et al. 2003

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Study of the epidemiology of invasive infections caused by encapsulated Haemophilus influenzae has been complicated by the poor sensitivity and specificity of the serologic assays used to identify specific capsular polysaccharides. The population structure of these bacteria is highly clonal, however, and serotype is highly correlated with other genetic characteristics. We sought to determine if alleles of the highly conserved phosphoglucose isomerase (pgi) gene correspond to the serotypes of encapsulated H. influenzae strains. pgi alleles of 52 well-characterized encapsulated H. influenzae isolates were amplified by PCR, sequenced, and compared to one another and to additional previously reported H. influenzae pgi alleles. Overall, 83% of the strains possessed pgi alleles associated with the major serotype a, b, e, and f clonotypes that cause the most invasive disease in the United States. Six strains (four type a and two type f) had unusual pgi alleles, which suggested that these strains belonged to less common clonotypes of encapsulated bacteria or were actually nontypeable strains. pgi genotyping may provide a simple and stable surrogate for capsular serotyping. Further studies correlating pgi typing with the expression of capsule are likely to increase our understanding of the epidemiology and pathogenesis of these infections.

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“…The Haemophilus in¯uenzae type b (Hib) polysaccharideconjugate vaccine has virtually eliminated what was once the commonest meningeal pathogen in children under 5 years in the UK (fewer than 40 cases per year) 8 . Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae are now the commonest causes of community-acquired bacterial meningitis overall.…”

Section: What Are the Bacteriological Causes Of Meningitis?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergency management of meningitis

Heyderman

Klein

2000

J R Soc Med

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Changing patterns of invasive Haemophilus influenzae disease in England and Wales after introduction of the Hib vaccination programme

Cited by 89 publications

References 3 publications

Naturally Acquired and Conjugate Vaccine-Induced Antibody to Haemophilus influenzae Type b (Hib) Polysaccharide in Malian Children: Serological Assessment of the Hib Immunization Program in Mali

Naturally Acquired and Conjugate Vaccine-Induced Antibody to Haemophilus influenzae Type b (Hib) Polysaccharide in Malian Children: Serological Assessment of the Hib Immunization Program in Mali

pgi Genotyping Is a Surrogate for Serotyping of Encapsulated Haemophilus influenzae

Emergency management of meningitis

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