“…17 A study by Stewart, which covered epistaxis management from 1912 to 1957, described the use of silver nitrate sticks in the cauterisation of active epistaxis at the Royal Infirmary Edinburgh; it was not utilised as a mainstay of treatment however. 18 The paper describes using a hot or cold saline douche, applied with a syringe, alongside ribbon gauze for packing, which was soaked in hydrogen peroxide for haemostasis, and the use of a 'Rose-Cooper' inflatable bag to exert pressure upon the bleeding point. 18 Stewart also makes reference to an epistaxis treatment, used in 1769, which involved immersing the genitalia into cold water, perhaps to promote vasoconstriction?…”