Changing pattern of childhood blindness in Saudi Arabia.

Tabbara, Khalid F.; Badr, Ihsan A.

doi:10.1136/bjo.69.4.312

Cited by 76 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The prevalence of microorganisms responsible for microbial ke ratitis in children and adolescents varies in different regions of the world (3) . Microbial cultures were positive in 40.3% of the study sample, whereas in the literature positivity has ranged from 33% to 87% (3,(8)(9)(10)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)20,29) . Polymicrobial isolates accounted for 9.5% of positive cultures in our study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Trauma has been reported as the major risk factor for keratitis in several published studies, accounting for 21.2% to 58.8% of cases (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)29) . In our study, 18.2% of patients had a history of using contact lenses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(4)(5)(6)(7) . Infectious keratitis are more prevalent in tropical developing countries with poor healthcare systems than in developed countries (3,(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21) . The diagnosis of keratitis is usually clinical and the treatment is empirical, with the application of broad-spectrum topical antimicrobial agents until identification of the etiologic agent is completed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microbiological and epidemiological study of infectious keratitis in children and adolescents

Yu¹,

Höfling-Lima²,

Furtado³

2016

Arquivos Brasileiros De Oftalmologia

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Purpose: To analyze epidemiological and microbiological aspects of microbial keratitis in children and adolescents. Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted at the Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, between July 15, 1975, and December 31, 2010. We analyzed corneal samples from 859 patients with clinical suspicion of infectious keratitis, comparing epidemiological and microbiological characteristics of bacterial keratitis with those of non-bacterial and non-viral keratitis. We also compared Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens in patients with bacterial keratitis. We created a susceptibility profile of the bacterial microorganisms studied. Results: Of the 859 patients, 346 (40.3%) showed positive culture results for non-viral microorganisms. Teenagers (13-18 years) made up the group with the highest number of patients with keratitis (164, 47.4%). The most frequent risk factors for keratitis were trauma (33.5%) and previous ocular surgery (24.9%). Gram-positive bacteria (71.8%) were the most often isolated, with coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (23.8%) the most prevalent microorganism. Logistic regression analysis showed age (p=0.002), topical antimicrobial drug use (p=0.01), and trauma due to non-chemical burns (p=0.005) were risk factors for non-bacterial keratitis. Age (p=0.01) was also a risk factor for Gram-negative bacterial keratitis. Conclusion: Our study showed that in the age range studied, the prevalence of keratitis caused by Gram-negative bacteria or by the non-viral microorganisms evaluated increases with age. Previous use of topical antimicrobial drug and trauma due to non-chemical burns are associated with non-bacterial keratitis. Knowledge of the risk factors and the microorganisms involved may help improve treatment of keratitis in children and adolescents and minimize visual impairment. (4)(5)(6)(7) . Infectious keratitis are more prevalent in tropical developing countries with poor healthcare systems than in developed countries (3,(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21) . The diagnosis of keratitis is usually clinical and the treatment is empirical, with the application of broad-spectrum topical antimicrobial agents until identification of the etiologic agent is completed. However, few studies have investigated the causative agents and risk factors of infectious keratitis in children and adolescents. KeywordsThe purpose of this study was to investigate the epidemiological and microbiological findings of infectious keratitis in patients up to 18 years of age attending a tertiary referral center. In addition, the Microbiological and epidemiological study of infectious keratitis in children and adolescentsEstudo microbiológico e epidemiológico da ceratite infecciosa em crianças e adolescentes Microbiological a n d e p i d e M i o l o g i c a l s t u d y o f i n f e c t i o u s k e r at i t i s i n c h i l d r e n a n d a d o l e s c e n t METHODSThis retrospective cohort study assessed...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microbiological and epidemiological study of infectious keratitis in children and adolescents

Yu¹,

Höfling-Lima²,

Furtado³

2016

Arquivos Brasileiros De Oftalmologia

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“…In this part of the world the prevalence of childhood blindness is high (0.24%) as shown by Tabbara and Ross-Degnan in a nationwide survey for blindness in Saudi Arabia (1986), although these figures seem to be falling with modern health care made available to the population of Saudi Arabia (Al Faran et al 1993). The number of children with genetically determined causes of disease is higher in all Arab countries due to the tradition of marriages within the close family (Tabbara & Badr 1985). All such children are more likely to stay away from normal primary schools.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of amblyopia with anisometropia or strabismus among schoolchildren in the Sultanate of Oman

Lithander

1998

Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica

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ABSTRACT.Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of common eye disorders in a nationwide school survey conducted in the Sultanate of Oman. The results presented here are those involving amblyopia induced by strabismus or anisometropia. Methods: A random selection of primary schools provided a sample that included 49 schools with 6541 children in Grades 1 and 6. Examinations of the eyes of 96% of these children were conducted doing visual acuity screening to 0.5. All 6292 children had an external eye examination. All children failing the visual acuity test had a complete eye examination. Results: Amblyopia was found in 0.92%, strabismic amblyopia in 0.48%, anisometropic amblyopia in 0.44% and strabismus with or without amblyopia was seen in 0.9%. There was statistically significantly (p∞0.05) more amblyopia in 11-12 year olds (Grade 6) when compared with the 6-7 year olds (Grade 1). This difference was only found among the strabismic children. Conclusion: When compared to Europe or North America the prevalence of strabismic amblyopia is lower, whereas anisometropic amblyopia occurs with approximately the same frequency. The increase of strabismic amblyopia in the older children indicates a development of amblyopia after the age of 6 to 7 years in an untreated population.

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“…11 However, this high figure is shared with some Middle Eastern countries where hereditary disease may reach as high as 77%. 12 Tapetoretinal degeneration was the most commonly encountered of all genetic diseases among blind Jordanians of Irbid. Retinitis pigmentosa of autosomal recessive inheritance was of early onset and rapidly progressive course.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Causes of Blindness in Irbid, Jordan

Al-Salem

Arafat

Ismail³

et al. 1996

Ann Saudi Med

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To determine the most common causes of blindness and the age of onset of these conditions among Jordanians of Irbid, a study of all registered members in two societies for the care of the blind was carried out. Of all registered members, 185 individuals were blind according to the World Health Organization definition and satisfied our inclusion criteria. It was found that genetically determined causes made up 41% of the total causes. In 57% of the subjects, blindness occurred in the first two decades of life. The specific leading causes of blindness, in the order of their frequencies, were tapetoretinal degenerations as different variants of retinitis pigmentosa (17.6%), glaucomas (16%), diabetic retinopathy (13%), post-infection corneal scarring (11.5%), congenital cataract (8.8%) and uveitis (8%). The results reflect the satisfactory achievements in primary health care levels and the challenge to make specialized tertiary health care more accessible.

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Changing pattern of childhood blindness in Saudi Arabia.

Cited by 76 publications

References 7 publications

Microbiological and epidemiological study of infectious keratitis in children and adolescents

Microbiological and epidemiological study of infectious keratitis in children and adolescents

Prevalence of amblyopia with anisometropia or strabismus among schoolchildren in the Sultanate of Oman

Causes of Blindness in Irbid, Jordan

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