Changing paradigms in dermatology: antivirals in dermatology

Lin, Psang Dain; Torres, Gisela; Tyring, Stephen K.

doi:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2003.08.012

Cited by 23 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…Although mice express TLR8, it appears that it is not activated by human TLR8 agonists except under limited circumstances (5). Topical imiquimod is currently approved as a topical treatment for cutaneous infection with human papillomavirus as well as for actinic keratoses and basal cell carcinoma (11,21,24). Because imiquimod is licensed for topical application in humans and is a TLR agonist, we have investigated its potential as a vaccine adjuvant using a well-established live infection model, Leishmania major infection in BALB/c mice.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunization with a Toll-Like Receptor 7 and/or 8 Agonist Vaccine Adjuvant Increases Protective Immunity againstLeishmania majorin BALB/c Mice

Zhang

Matlashewski

2008

Infect Immun

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Activation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) on antigen-presenting cells of the innate immune system initiates, amplifies, and directs the antigen-specific acquired immune response. Ligands that stimulate TLRs therefore represent potential vaccine adjuvants. In the present study, we determined whether imiquimod and its related compound R848, which are TLR7 and/or TLR8 agonists, represent potential vaccine adjuvants when delivered topically, subcutaneously, or intramuscularly. Using the Leishmania major infection model in BALB/c mice, vaccination with crude Leishmania antigen was not protective against subsequent challenge infection unless it was administered with R848 or a topical application of imiquimod containing cream on the skin. Subcutaneous vaccination with these adjuvants mediated a TH1 response against L. major antigen, which appeared to suppress the TH2 response following a challenge infection. Protective immunity was generated following subcutaneous vaccination but not intramuscular vaccination. These observations suggest that topically administered imiquimod or subcutaneously injected R848 represent potential vaccine adjuvants to enhance the TH1 response, which can be used with existing or new vaccine formulations.

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confidence: 99%

Immunization with a Toll-Like Receptor 7 and/or 8 Agonist Vaccine Adjuvant Increases Protective Immunity againstLeishmania majorin BALB/c Mice

Zhang

Matlashewski

2008

Infect Immun

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“…58,59 HSV infections often present with a prodrome of tingling or pain in the region of subsequent disease. 57,61 Most primary HSV-1 infections are asymptomatic, whereas primary HSV-2 infections tend to be severe, with painful vesicle formation and ulceration as well as constitutional symptoms such as fever and lethargy. 57,61,65 HSV-1 recurrences typically present as painful, grouped vesicles on an erythematous base on the vermillion border of the lip, lasting 2 to 3 days.…”

Section: Herpes Simplex Virus Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…57,61 Most primary HSV-1 infections are asymptomatic, whereas primary HSV-2 infections tend to be severe, with painful vesicle formation and ulceration as well as constitutional symptoms such as fever and lethargy. 57,61,65 HSV-1 recurrences typically present as painful, grouped vesicles on an erythematous base on the vermillion border of the lip, lasting 2 to 3 days. The lesions subsequently develop ulceration with crusting, and ultimately heal in 4 to 5 days.…”

Section: Herpes Simplex Virus Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Infectious Skin Diseases: A Review and Needs Assessment

Dawson¹,

Dellavalle²,

Elston³

2012

Dermatologic Clinics

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“…Acyclovir (ACV) is an antiviral agent used for the treatment of primary and recurrent labial and genital herpes, oral herpes, primary and recurrent varicella zoster, and herpes virus encephalitis (1). It is used orally, topically, or by infusion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%