Changing of the flower bud frost hardiness in three Hungarian apricot cultivars

Abstract

Szalay L., Ladányi M., Hajnal V., Pedryc A., Tóth M. (2016) Hungary lies near the northern border of the apricot growing area, so frost hardiness is a decisive factor for the reliability of production. Both the development and loss of frost hardiness take place gradually in the overwintering organs, depending on the hereditary traits of the cultivars and the prevailing environmental conditions. Among the overwintering organs the flower buds are the most sensitive to frost. The frost hardiness of the flower buds of three Hungarian cultivars (Ceglédi bíborkajszi, Gönci magyar kajszi and Rózsakajszi C. 1406) was determined using artificial freezing tests during the dormancy period in 11 years. Mathematical models were developed to describe changes in frost hardiness of the flower buds in each cultivar. Ambient temperatures have a significant effect on the hardening and dehardening of flower buds, so it is important to study this trait as many years as possible. Based on the 11 years data characteristic features of frost hardiness of 3 apricot cultivars could be described accurately. Based on the results obtained the hardening process in the flower buds of apricot cultivars can be divided into two distinct phases. Tendencies in the changing of frost hardiness of 3 studied cultivars were similar, but significant differences were detected between them.

The effect of weather conditions in southern Russia on the frost resistance of apricot generative buds

“…During this month, in all the studied cultivars and breeding forms, the generative buds were at the stage of sporogenous tissue formation. According to previously published data, at this phase, the generative buds were the most frost tolerant and can survive under frosts up to -18 to -24 °C (Murray 2011; Szymajda et al 2013;Gorina 2016;Szalay et al 2016). According to the results of the freezing in the growth chamber, a high flower bud death rate was noted already at -12 °C.…”

“…Szabó et al (1995) believe that the buds of apricot plants can tolerate temperature drops to -26 °C in January, -22 °C in February, and -16 °C in March. According to the calculated model by Szalay et al (2016), apricot buds can tolerate from -18.9 to -24.3 °C at the beginning of winter. Their frost resistance depends on the weather conditions and the genetic characteristics of the studied cultivar.…”

“…Kostina and A.M. Sholokhov. Nowadays, as a result of the crossings between the cultivars with different features of the developmental phases of the generative buds in the winter-spring period, genotypes with slower development rates, increased winter hardiness, and regular fruiting have been elected (Kostina 1956;Layne, Gadsby 1995;Szymajda et al 2013;Gorina, Korzin 2015;Gorina, Lukicheva 2016;Szalay et al 2016).…”

Determination of flower bud drop and anomalies under different ecological conditions of some apricot cultivars

“…This situation varies according to the hereditary characteristics of the varieties and environmental conditions. In this regard, it is important to repeat the year (Szalay et al, 2016). In our work, the flower bud drop rate was higher in 2010 than the other years because of frost damage in Malatya.…”

Assessment of genetic resources of representatives of the genus Prunus L. in the conditions of the Crimea

“…Therefore, the main task of the breeders was to create varieties of apricot with a later flowering. Late-flowering plants are characterized by slow development; during this period their generative sphere is more resistant to the negative effects of frost [12,13,14]. In the Nikitsky Botanical Garden, have been working on the issues of breeding for late apricot flowering from the earliest time K.F.…”