Changing how we think about infectious diseases

Berman, Jules J.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-817576-7.00008-0

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…This could serve as a pre-adaptation towards opportunistic or facultative parasitism (Luong & Mathot, 2019). Despite these assumptions on the association of C. brenneri strain IZSP with P. moellendorffi, and since only one slug was investigated, further tests are needed to confirm the nature of association by fulfilling Koch's Postulates (Berman, 2019) to prove pathogenicity of C. brenneri strain IZSP on P. moellendorffi or other gastropods. This recovery of C. brenneri from P. moellendorffi is the first report of any Caenorhabditis species isolated from the cadaver of a terrestrial slug.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

First report of Caenorhabditis brenneri (Nematoda: Rhabditida) isolated from the cadaver of Philippinella moellendorffi (Stylommatophora: Ariophantidae), a terrestrial slug in the Philippines

Dalan

Diano²,

Ley³

et al. 2022

J. Helminthol.

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Gastropod-associated nematodes have been previously studied and documented worldwide, with some species forming host-specific association as obligate parasites of molluscs while others form intermediate and temporary association. Philippinella moellendorffi from Imelda, Zamboanga Sibugay, Philippines, were collected, washed and maintained in the laboratory until death. Cadavers were placed on nutrient agar to allow nematode proliferation. Nematode pure culture was obtained using one gravid female for propagation. Morphology and molecular analyses (18S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and D2–D3 expansion segments of 28S rDNA) were employed as diagnostic tools in identifying the nematode species isolated from P. moellendorffi. The newly isolated nematode was identified as Caenorhabditis brenneri, thus designated as C. brenneri strain IZSP from the Philippines. This is the first record of C. brenneri isolated from the terrestrial slug P. moellendorffi.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

First report of Caenorhabditis brenneri (Nematoda: Rhabditida) isolated from the cadaver of Philippinella moellendorffi (Stylommatophora: Ariophantidae), a terrestrial slug in the Philippines

Dalan

Diano²,

Ley³

et al. 2022

J. Helminthol.

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“…They were originally formulated by Friedrich Gustav Jacob Henle in the mid 1880s and refined and published by Robert Koch in 1890. Although they are still valid for a relatively small number of defined circumstances in which bacteria can be precisely tied to the cause of a particular clinical syndrome, they are revised under the light of available current knowledge [68,230].…”

Section: Individual Agency Agency Relationshipmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Resistance in the Global Health Network: Known Unknowns and Challenges for Efficient Responses in the 21st Century

et al. 2023

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Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the Global Health challenges of the 21st century. The inclusion of AMR on the global map parallels the scientific, technological, and organizational progress of the healthcare system and the socioeconomic changes of the last 100 years. Available knowledge about AMR has mostly come from large healthcare institutions in high-income countries and is scattered in studies across various fields, focused on patient safety (infectious diseases), transmission pathways and pathogen reservoirs (molecular epidemiology), the extent of the problem at a population level (public health), their management and cost (health economics), cultural issues (community psychology), and events associated with historical periods (history of science). However, there is little dialogue between the aspects that facilitate the development, spread, and evolution of AMR and various stakeholders (patients, clinicians, public health professionals, scientists, economic sectors, and funding agencies). This study consists of four complementary sections. The first reviews the socioeconomic factors that have contributed to building the current Global Healthcare system, the scientific framework in which AMR has traditionally been approached in such a system, and the novel scientific and organizational challenges of approaching AMR in the fourth globalization scenario. The second discusses the need to reframe AMR in the current public health and global health contexts. Given that the implementation of policies and guidelines are greatly influenced by AMR information from surveillance systems, in the third section, we review the unit of analysis (“the what” and “the who”) and the indicators (the “operational units of surveillance”) used in AMR and discuss the factors that affect the validity, reliability, and comparability of the information to be applied in various healthcare (primary, secondary, and tertiary), demographic, and economic contexts (local, regional, global, and inter-sectorial levels). Finally, we discuss the disparities and similarities between distinct stakeholders’ objectives and the gaps and challenges of combatting AMR at various levels. In summary, this is a comprehensive but not exhaustive revision of the known unknowns about how to analyze the heterogeneities of hosts, microbes, and hospital patches, the role of surrounding ecosystems, and the challenges they represent for surveillance, antimicrobial stewardship, and infection control programs, which are the traditional cornerstones for controlling AMR in human health.

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“…If the nematodes are not activated while on or inside the host, this may also suggest a non-parasitic relationship. Koch’s postulates remain effective for evaluating parasitic nematodes and should be used ( Berman, 2019 ). The gastropods should be inoculated with nematodes, and the nematodes should be retrieved and isolated from the gastropods post infection.…”

Section: Criteria For Evaluating Nematode-gastropod Associationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Entomopathogenic nematode-gastropod interactions

Schurkman

Dillman

2021

Journal of Nematology

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Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) infect and kill insects and have been successfully used in the biological control of some insect pests. Slugs and snails are known to be significant pests of agriculture and serve as vectors for disease-causing microbes that can affect crops and humans. The potential of EPNs to be used in the biological control of gastropods has not been well-studied. The few studies that have been performed on the efficacy of EPNs in controlling gastropod pests and vectors were reviewed. Suggested criteria for further assessments of EPN-gastropod interactions are: Dose of EPNs used, length of infection assays, host biology, nematode biology and development, and Koch’s postulates. There are provocative data suggesting that EPNs may be useful biological control agents against gastropod pests of agriculture and vectors of disease, though additional studies using the suggested criteria are needed, including the publication of negative data or studies where EPNs were not efficacious or successful in controlling gastropods.

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Changing how we think about infectious diseases

Cited by 4 publications

References 85 publications

First report of Caenorhabditis brenneri (Nematoda: Rhabditida) isolated from the cadaver of Philippinella moellendorffi (Stylommatophora: Ariophantidae), a terrestrial slug in the Philippines

First report of Caenorhabditis brenneri (Nematoda: Rhabditida) isolated from the cadaver of Philippinella moellendorffi (Stylommatophora: Ariophantidae), a terrestrial slug in the Philippines

Antimicrobial Resistance in the Global Health Network: Known Unknowns and Challenges for Efficient Responses in the 21st Century

Entomopathogenic nematode-gastropod interactions

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