Changing face of epidemiology of dermatophytoses in Chinese Mainland: A 30 years nationwide retrospective study from 1991 to 2020

Abstract

Dermatophytoses, the most common fungal infections worldwide, caused by dermatophytes, mainly including Trichophyton (T.) genus, Microsporum (M.) genus and Epidermophyton (E.) genus, affect hundreds of millions of people. 1 Dermatophyte infections are clinically referred as 'tinea' or 'ringworm', which can be divided, based on the different infection sites, into tinea manuum (hands), tinea pedis (feet), tinea corporis (trunk and limbs), tinea cruris (inguinal-crural region), tinea capitis (scalp and hair) and tinea unguium (nails). 2

Cutaneous Fungal Infections Caused by Dermatophytes and Non-Dermatophytes: An Updated Comprehensive Review of Epidemiology, Clinical Presentations, and Diagnostic Testing

“…The prevalence and causative agents of tinea faciei vary across regions. The reported isolation rates range from 0.4% to 4.2% in various parts of the world [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 26 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 58 , 59 ], with more than 50% of cases observed in patients younger than 12 years of age [ 37 , 60 ]. In Europe, a study conducted in Portugal identified M. audouinii , T. soudanense , and T. rubrum as the main pathogenic agents [ 60 ].…”

“…In Africa, the estimated prevalence ranges from 2% to 41% [ 3 ]. In other regions, the prevalence of tinea corporis among isolated dermatophytes is estimated to be between 2.8% and 30.3% ( Table 2 ) [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 26 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 58 , 59 ]. Notably, in India, there has been a shift in prevalence over the past two decades, with T. mentagrophytes emerging as a replacement for T. rubrum [ 27 , 68 ].…”

“…Tinea cruris, a common fungal infection affecting the groin region, is prevalent worldwide, particularly in warm and humid areas [ 58 ]. The estimated prevalence of cutaneous fungal infections ranges from 0.3% to 53.0% [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 26 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 58 , 59 ].…”

First isolation of the terbinafine- and itraconazole-resistant Trichophyton indotineae in China

“…Dermatophytes is the most common fungal disorders, affecting about 20-25% of the world's population and the prevalence is increasing [1,2]. Trichophyton mentagrophytes have replaced T. rubrum infections in frequency, especially in India [1].…”

Prior selection of itraconazole in the treatment of recalcitrant Trichophyton indotineae infection: Real‐world results from retrospective analysis

“…Dermatophytosis is the most common superficial mycosis worldwide 1,2 . In the past few years, the number of recalcitrant and extensive tinea corporis and tinea cruris caused by Trichophyton mentagrophytes complex, recently named as T. indotineae , has been sharply increased, 3 form pandemic India 4 to other countries, such as Iran, 5 German, 6 Japan, 7 France, 8 Canada, 9 Turkey 10 and China 11 .…”