Changing epidemiology of human enteroviruses (HEV) in a hand, foot and mouth disease outbreak in Vellore, south India

George, Grace Mary; Daniel, Hubert Darius-J; Mathew, Lydia; Peter, Dincy; George, Leni; Pulimood, Susanne; Abraham, Asha Mary; Mammen, Shoba

doi:10.1016/j.ijmmb.2022.04.005

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…The species EV‐A and EV‐B consist of 25 serotypes (Coxsackievirus A2 [CV‐A2] to CV‐A8, CV‐A10, CV‐A12, CV‐A14, CV‐A16, EV‐A71, EV‐A76, EV‐A89 to EV‐A92, EV‐A114, and EV‐A119 to EV‐125) (http://www.picornaviridae.com/ensavirinae/enterovirus/ev-a/ev-a.htm) and 63 serotypes (CV‐B1 to CV‐B6, CV‐A9, Echovirus (E‐1 to E‐7, E‐9, E‐11 to E‐21, E‐24 to E‐27, and E‐29 to E‐33), and EV‐B 69, EV‐B 73 to EV‐B 75, EV‐B 77 to EV‐B 88, EV‐B 93, EV‐B 97 to EV‐B 101, EV‐B 106 to EV‐B 107, and EV‐B 110 to EV‐B 114) (http://www.picornaviridae.com/ensavirinae/enterovirus/ev-b/ev-b.htm), respectively. Among them, EV‐A serotypes as EV‐A71, CV‐A4 to CV‐A6, CV‐A8, CV‐A10, and CV‐A16, and EV‐B serotypes as CV‐Bs and Es can cause HFMD 6,7 . It is established that EV‐As such as EV‐A71, CV‐A16, CV‐A6, and CV‐A10, had been or have become the predominant serotypes 6,8,9 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Coxsackievirus B: The important agent of hand, foot, and mouth disease

Liu

Zhang

Guo

et al. 2023

Journal of Medical Virology

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Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common pediatric infectious illness caused by enteroviruses (EVs). EV-A serotypes are the main pathogens associated with HFMD. In this study, 213 stool samples from 213 children with severe HFMD in Yunnan, China in 2013, 2015, and 2016 were further analyzed retrospectively for EV-B infection. A total of 70.0% of the specimens tested positive for EV.20 EV serotypes were detected. The predominant serotype was enterovirus A71 (EV-A71, 27.7%), followed by coxsackievirus B4 (CV-B4, 16.4%), CV-A16 (9.9%), CV-B5 (6.6%), and Echovirus 9 (E-9,4.7%). EV-A and EV-B accounted for 45.1% and 41.3%, respectively. Among the positive specimens, 28.6% were CV-Bs. Co-infection was present in 19.3% of these cases. In the study, CV-B5 and the majority of CV-B4 isolates belonged to genotypes VI and C3, respectively. This result indicates that EV-B, especially CV-Bs, might be the important agents associated with HFMD and this knowledge will contribute to the prevention and treatment of the disease.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A10, and CV-A16, and EV-B serotypes as CV-Bs and Es can cause HFMD. 6,7 It is established that EV-As such as EV-A71, CV-A16, CV-A6, and CV-A10, had been or have become the predominant serotypes. 6,8,9 However, other EV-B and EV-A serotypes have always co-circulated and also account for a significant proportion in the pathogen spectrum of HFMD.…”

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confidence: 99%