Changing distribution of rotavirus A genotypes circulating in Japanese children with acute gastroenteritis in outpatient clinic, 2014–2020

Okitsu, Shoko; Khamrin, Pattara; Hikita, Toshiyuki; Thongprachum, Aksara; Pham, Ngan Thi Kim; Hoque, Sirajul; Hayakawa, Satoshi; Maneekarn, Niwat; Ushijima, Hiroshi

doi:10.1016/j.jiph.2022.06.009

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The introduction of RV vaccination has succeeded in nearly halving the number of global RV deaths from 453,000 in 2008 to 215,000 in 2013 (Moyo et al, 2014; Tate et al, 2012). Indeed, RV vaccines continue to be successful in minimizing disease severity as well as hospitalizations and thus reducing mortality from RV infection, but the infection nevertheless remains ineradicable, showing multiple outbreaks and greater diversity of circulating RV genotypes in the post-vaccination period documented in our previous studies (Hoque et al, 2020 ; Okitsu et al, 2022 ) as well as by other groups (Gibory et al, 2022 ; Gikonyo et al, 2020 ; Tsugawa et al, 2021 ). A similar diversity of RV genotypes was observed in the present study at SW (Table 1 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…For example, the G3-genotype of RVA remained high in both the pre- and post-pandemic periods in the present study, while the major RVA genotype was G2 in the earlier study (Thongprachum et al, 2018 ). Several clinical data revealed that the G2 genotype dominated in many places in Japan during 2014–2017 (Hoque et al, 2020 ; Khandoker et al, 2018 ), whereas the G3 genotype emerged in the post-vaccine era with an equine-like G3 (eG3) containing the DS-1-like genotype constellation that was firstly reported to cause an outbreak in Japan in Hokkaido in 2016 and then gradually increased (Akane et al, 2021 ; Okitsu et al, 2022 ). Importantly, RVA was detected frequently even after the introduction of RV vaccines in the national immunization program, although the RV-vaccine strains were detected in only 2 SW samples.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genotype Diversity of Enteric Viruses in Wastewater Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic

et al. 2023

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Viruses remain the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) worldwide. Recently, we reported the abundance of AGE viruses in raw sewage water (SW) during the COVID-19 pandemic, when viral AGE patients decreased dramatically in clinics. Since clinical samples were not reflecting the actual state, it remained important to determine the circulating strains in the SW for preparedness against impending outbreaks. Raw SW was collected from a sewage treatment plant in Japan from August 2018 to March 2022, concentrated by polyethylene-glycol-precipitation method, and investigated for major gastroenteritis viruses by RT-PCR. Genotypes and evolutionary relationships were evaluated through sequence-based analyses. Major AGE viruses like rotavirus A (RVA), norovirus (NoV) GI and GII, and astrovirus (AstV) increased sharply (10–20%) in SW during the COVID-19 pandemic, though some AGE viruses like sapovirus (SV), adenovirus (AdV), and enterovirus (EV) decreased slightly (3–10%). The prevalence remained top in the winter. Importantly, several strains, including G1 and G3 of RVA, GI.1 and GII.2 of NoV, GI.1 of SV, MLB1 of AstV, and F41 of AdV, either emerged or increased amid the pandemic, suggesting that the normal phenomenon of genotype changing remained active over this time. This study crucially presents the molecular characteristics of circulating AGE viruses, explaining the importance of SW investigation during the pandemic when a clinical investigation may not produce the complete scenario.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotype Diversity of Enteric Viruses in Wastewater Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic

et al. 2023

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“…Interestingly, G8P[8] emerged as a major genotype for the first time in Thailand with the highest incidence rate of 68.4% in 2018–2019 and 81.2% in 2019–2020 (Table 1). Similarly, increasing predominance or outbreaks of G8P[8] out of Thailand were reported during the past decade in several countries, including Japan in 2014–2018 (9.5%–66.0%), 30–34 Korea in 2015–2020 (42.2%), 7 Singapore in 2016 (60.0%), 35 Chile in 2016–2017 (48.0%), 36 the Czech Republic in 2016–2019 (9.3%), 37 Brazil in 2017 (20.0%), 38 Argentina in 2018 (18.1%), 6 Gabon in 2018–2019 (15.0%), 39 and China in 2020–2021 (40.0%) 40 . The emergence of this unusual G8P[8] in Chiang Rai, Thailand may be a consequence of global vaccine introduction, and this phenomenon has been recently described in multiple reports 6,7,30,31,35,38 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Predominance of DS‐1‐like G8P[8] rotavirus reassortant strains in children hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis in Thailand, 2018–2020

Chan-it

Chanta

Ushijima

2023

Journal of Medical Virology

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“…In Australia, from 2020 to 2021, a remarkable increase in G8P[8] from 1–87.5% was reported, with a peak in autumn, while the prevalence of G8P[14] decreased from 7.1% to < 1% [ 25 , 26 ]. In a longitudinal study from 2014 to 2020 in Japan, the frequency of G8P[8] increased from 34% in 2017–2018 to 98% in 2018–2019, peaking in the spring [ 27 ]. In Europe, the genotypes G8P[8] and G8P[14] were detected at a prevalence of > 1%, in contrast to previous years [ 28 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological study of unusual rotavirus strains and molecular characterization of emerging P[14] strains isolated from children with acute gastroenteritis during a 15-year period

et al. 2023

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Rotavirus group A (RVA) is characterized by molecular and epidemiological diversity. To date, 42 G and 58 P RVA genotypes have been identified, some of which, like P[14], have a zoonotic origin. In this study, we describe the epidemiology of unusual RVA genotypes and the molecular characteristics of P[14] strains. Fecal samples from children ≤ 16 years of age with acute gastroenteritis (AGE) who were hospitalized during 2007–2021 in Greece were tested for RVA by immunochromatography. Positive RVA samples were G and P genotyped, and part of the VP7 and VP4 genes were sequenced by the Sanger method. Epidemiological data were also recorded. Phylogenetic analysis of P[14] was performed using MEGA 11 software. Sixty-two (1.4%) out of 4427 children with RVA AGE were infected with an unusual G (G6/G8/G10) or P (P[6]/P[9]/P[10]/P[11]/P[14]) genotype. Their median (IQR) age was 18.7 (37.3) months, and 67.7% (42/62) were males. None of the children were vaccinated against RVA. P[9] (28/62; 45.2%) was the most common unusual genotype, followed by P[14] (12/62; 19.4%). In the last two years, during the period of the COVID-19 pandemic, an emergence of P[14] was observed (5/12, 41.6%) after an 8-year absence. The highest prevalence of P[14] infection was seen in the spring (91.7%). The combinations G8P[14] (41.7%), G6P[14] (41.7%), and G4P[14] (16.6%) were also detected. Phylogenetic analysis showed a potential evolutionary relationship of three human RVA P[14] strains to a fox strain from Croatia. These findings suggest a possible zoonotic origin of P[14] and interspecies transmission between nondomestic animals and humans, which may lead to new RVA genotypes with unknown severity.

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Changing distribution of rotavirus A genotypes circulating in Japanese children with acute gastroenteritis in outpatient clinic, 2014–2020

Cited by 16 publications

References 45 publications

Genotype Diversity of Enteric Viruses in Wastewater Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic

Genotype Diversity of Enteric Viruses in Wastewater Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic

Predominance of DS‐1‐like G8P[8] rotavirus reassortant strains in children hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis in Thailand, 2018–2020

Epidemiological study of unusual rotavirus strains and molecular characterization of emerging P[14] strains isolated from children with acute gastroenteritis during a 15-year period

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