Changes to the phenotypic profile of Vibrio harveyi when infected with the Vibrio harveyi myovirus-like (VHML) bacteriophage

Vidgen, Miranda E.; Carson, J; Higgins, Melissa; Owens, Leigh

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2672.2005.02829.x

Cited by 34 publications

(33 citation statements)

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“…14 Phage Vibrio harveyi myovirus-like (VHML) infection of five V. harveyi strains also resulted in altered phenotypes as determined by substrate utilization and one strain was so dramatically altered that it assumed the profile of Vibrio campbelli. 80 In addition, E. coli lysogens of laboratory phages, P1, P2, lambda and Mu exhibit a higher metabolic activity and faster growth rate than non-lysogenic counterparts. 81,82 "Kill-the-relatives" dynamics was aptly observed when spontaneous prophage induction in a few lysogenic cells within Salmonella co-cultures was shown to enhance the competitive fitness of the lysogen as a whole, ensuring the maintenance and spread of viral DNA.…”

Section: Phage-host Dynamics In the Intestine: Ecological Assumptionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Movers and shakers

et al. 2013

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Section: Phage-host Dynamics In the Intestine: Ecological Assumptionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Movers and shakers

et al. 2013

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“…Because V. campbellii and V. harveyi share nearly 100% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and around 70% DNA-DNA hybridization (DDH) similarity (14), discriminating these species remains a hard task for taxonomy. Also, infections by phages may contribute to changing phenotypes in V. harveyi (19).Examples are abundant in the literature illustrating the difficulties of correctly identifying strains of V. campbellii, V. harveyi, and V. rotiferianus and the related species V. alginolyticus, V. natriegens, and V. parahaemolyticus. These studies point out several instances of ambiguous identifications, possibly due to the limitations of the identification methods.…”

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Multilocus Sequence Analysis Reveals that Vibrio harveyi and V. campbellii Are Distinct Species

Thompson

Gómez‐Gil

Vasconcelos

et al. 2007

Appl Environ Microbiol

118

147

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Identification and classification of Vibrio species have relied upon band pattern methods (e.g., amplified fragment length polymorphism) and DNA-DNA hybridization. However, data generated by these methods cannot be used to build an online electronic taxonomy. In order to overcome these limitations, we developed the first standard multilocus sequence scheme focused on the ubiquitous and pathogenic Vibrio harveyi species group (i.e., V. harveyi, V. campbellii, V. rotiferianus, and a new as yet unnamed species). We examined a collection of 104 isolates from different geographical regions and hosts using segments of seven housekeeping genes. These two species formed separated clusters on the basis of topA, pyrH, ftsZ, and mreB gene sequences. The phylogenetic picture obtained by the other three loci, i.e., gyrB, recA, and gapA, was more complex though. V. campbellii appeared nested within V. harveyi in the recA trees, whereas V. harveyi formed a tight nested cluster within V. campbellii by gapA. The gyrB gene had no taxonomic resolution and grouped the two species together. The fuzziness observed in these three genes seems not be related to recombination but to low divergence due to the accumulation of only a few substitutions. In spite of this, the concatenated sequences provided evidence that the two species form two separated clusters. These clusters did not arise by recombination but by accumulation of point mutations. V. harveyi and V. campbellii isolates can be readily identified through the open database resource developed in this study (http://www.taxvibrio.lncc.br/). We argue that the species should be defined by evolutionary criteria. Strains of the same species will share at least 95% concatenated sequence similarity using the seven loci, and, most importantly, cospecific strains will form cohesive readily recognizable phylogenetic clades.The species Vibrio harveyi and V. campbellii are widespread in the marine environment and among the main species responsible for disease in many wild and reared aquatic organisms, most notably peneid shrimp, several fish species, and mollusks (2). Luminous vibrios related to V. harveyi have been implicated principally in disease outbreaks in shrimp larviculture facilities and in grow-out ponds worldwide. More recently V. harveyi has been associated with infections in corals (20). Indeed recent studies have shown that vibrios, including the V. harveyi group, are abundant in the mucus of corals and may cause infections during periods of environmental imbalances (15).In the past, the identification of V. harveyi and related species isolated from the marine environment has been imprecise and represents hard work as it involves performing many biochemical and/or physiological tests (14). Presumptive V. harveyi isolates grow on thiosulfate-citrate-bile saltssucrose agar are motile, ferment glucose, and are oxidase positive and sensitive to the vibriostatic agent 0/129 at 150 g. They are arginine dihydrolase negative and lysine and ornithine decarboxylase positive. Most presump...

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“…Phage VHML has been associated with the virulence of V. harveyi strains for some marine animals (2,27,30,31). It has been reported elsewhere that after infection with VHML, the phenotypic profile of the bacteria changed (40). Production of hemolysin was upregulated, and some toxin-related proteins were secreted by the lysogens (27).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

The Linear Plasmid Prophage Vp58.5 of Vibrio parahaemolyticus Is Closely Related to the Integrating Phage VHML and Constitutes a New Incompatibility Group of Telomere Phages

Zabala

Hammerl

Espejo

et al. 2009

J Virol

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Vibrio parahaemolyticus O3:K6 pandemic strains recovered in Chile frequently possess a 42-kb plasmid which is the prophage of a myovirus. We studied the prototype phage VP58.5 and show that it does not integrate into the host cell chromosome but replicates as a linear plasmid (Vp58.5) with covalently closed ends (telomeres). The Vp58.5 replicon coexists with other plasmid prophages (N15, PY54, and ⌽KO2) in the same cell and thus belongs to a new incompatibility group of telomere phages. We determined the complete nucleotide sequence (42,612 nucleotides) of the VP58.5 phage DNA and compared it with that of the plasmid prophage. The two molecules share the same nucleotide sequence but are 35% circularly permuted to each other. In contrast to the hairpin ends of the plasmid, VP58.5 phage DNA contains 5-protruding ends. The VP58.5 sequence is 92% identical to the sequence of phage VHML, which was reported to integrate into the host chromosome. However, the gene order and termini of the phage DNAs are different. The VHML genome exhibits the same gene order as does the Vp58.5 plasmid. VHML phage DNA has been reported to contain terminal inverted repeats. This repetitive sequence is similar to the telomere resolution site (telRL) of VP58.5 which, after processing by the phage protelomerase, forms the hairpin ends of the Vp58.5 prophage. It is discussed why these closely related phages may be so different in terms of their genome ends and their lifestyle.Most temperate bacteriophages integrate into the host chromosome during lysogeny. However, there are some phages (telomere phages) whose prophages are linear plasmids with covalently closed ends. Members of this group of phages are the siphoviruses N15, PY54, and ⌽KO2 isolated from Escherichia coli, Yersinia enterocolitica, and Klebsiella oxytoca, respectively, and the recently described myoviruses ⌽HAP-1 of Halomonas aquamarina and VP882 of Vibrio parahaemolyticus (6,20,23,26,37). Despite their different origins (enterobacteria versus marine bacterium) and morphologies, all known telomere phages share similar genome organizations and some protein similarities. The linear DNA of each phage is a circular permutation of the respective linear plasmid prophage. For the generation of the terminal hairpins of the linear plasmid, the protelomerase (Tel) is essential (8). This enzyme has cleaving/joining activity; its target is a large palindromic DNA sequence called the telomere resolution site (telRL) located upstream of tel on the phage genome. After cleaving telRL by staggered cuts, the resulting self-complementary single-stranded DNA overhangs fold back and are rejoined by the protelomerase (9). Besides tel, all telomere phages possess the gene repA, encoding a multifunctional replication protein. repA of N15 and PY54 was shown to harbor the prophage replication origin and to function as a circular minimal replicon (35,42). Compatibility studies demonstrated that the N15 and ⌽KO2 plasmids belong to the same incompatibility group, whereas the PY54 plasmid is able to coexist...

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Changes to the phenotypic profile of Vibrio harveyi when infected with the Vibrio harveyi myovirus-like (VHML) bacteriophage

Cited by 34 publications

References 24 publications

Movers and shakers

Movers and shakers

Multilocus Sequence Analysis Reveals that Vibrio harveyi and V. campbellii Are Distinct Species

The Linear Plasmid Prophage Vp58.5 of Vibrio parahaemolyticus Is Closely Related to the Integrating Phage VHML and Constitutes a New Incompatibility Group of Telomere Phages

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