Changes of Uric Acid Level in Rat Brain After Focal Ischemia

Kanemitsu, Hideaki; Tamura, Akira; Sano, Keiji; Iwamoto, Takeo; Yoshiura, Masahiko; Iriyama, Keiji

doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1986.tb13049.x

Cited by 32 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(5 reference statements)

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“…In the present study, UA 24 h after focal ischaemia was observed to increase approximately 13-fold over nonischaemic hemisphere levels. This increase is consistent with those observed in other studies [11,12,24].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

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The effect of allopurinol on focal cerebral ischaemia: an experimental study in rabbits

et al. 2001

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In this experimental study, the neuroprotective effect of the xanthine oxidase inhibitor allopurinol on focal cerebral ischaemia created by permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was investigated. Using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), we measured hypoxanthine, xanthine, and uric acid (UA) levels in rabbit brains following focal cerebral ischaemia. Rabbits were randomly and blindly assigned into four groups of eight animals each. The control groups received 2% carboxymethylcellulose solution, while 10% allopurinol 150 mg/kg was given to the treatment group 1 h before ischaemia. Each group was subdivided into two groups which were sacrificed 4 h or 24 h after ischaemia, respectively. UA and xanthine values of the rabbits in the control groups were quite high at both times and highest after 24 h, particularly in the centre of the ischaemia. A significant decrease in UA and xanthine values was observed in rabbits that were given allopurinol (P<0.05). According to our results, it was concluded that allopurinol pretreatment protects neural tissue in the early period after arterial occlusion and prevents cerebral injury in the late period, especially in the perifocal area, possibly by preventing the formation of free radicals with xanthine oxidase inhibition.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…UA accumulation in the CSF during pathological conditions was reported by Haelergen and coworkers, who speculated in 1983 that this indicates only a dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier [8]. A new quantitative method using HPLC equipped with an electrochemical detector reported an increase in UA concentration in the ischaemic brain [11].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The effect of allopurinol on focal cerebral ischaemia: an experimental study in rabbits

et al. 2001

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“…30 Uric acid, the product of the reaction xanthine oxidase catalyzes, accumulates in ischemic rat brain. 31 Further, xanthine oxidase is enriched in rat brain capillaries relative to whole brain. 12 Therefore, in addition to reducing generalized free radical injury, inhibiting xanthine oxidase could be expected to specifically preserve capillary function.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Allopurinol and dimethylthiourea reduce brain infarction following middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats.

Martz

Rayos

Schielke

et al. 1989

Stroke

151

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Free radicals have been shown to play an important role in ischemia-reperfusion injury in several organ systems; however, the role of free radicals in central nervous system ischemia has been less well studied. Many potential free radical-generating systems exist. The primary products of these reactions, superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, may combine to produce hydroxyl radicals. Of the many potential sources of free radical generation, the enzyme xanthine oxidase has been shown to be important in ischemia in noncerebral tissue. We investigated the effect of the hydroxyl radical scavenger dimethylthiourea and the xanthine oxidase inhibitor allopurinol on infarct volume in a model of continuous partial ischemia. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with dimethylthiourea or allopurinol before middle cerebral artery occlusion. Infarct volume was measured by triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining of brains removed 3 or 24 hours after occlusion. Stroke volume was reduced by 30% after dimethylthiourea treatment and by 32-35% after allopurinol treatment. At 24 hours after stroke, cortical tissue was more effectively protected than caudate tissue with both agents. Pretreatment with dimethylthiourea and allopurinol also significantly reduced cerebral edema formation and improved blood-brain barrier function as measured by fluorescein uptake. Our results imply that hydroxyl radicals are important in tissue injury secondary to partial cerebral ischemia and that xanthine oxidase may be the primary source of these radicals. (Stroke 1989;20:488-494)

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“…Also, a high uric acid level is known effect of alcohol metabolism and thus, hyperuricemia may be found in alcoholic liver disease 5,6 . In different biological studies, UA levels have been found to correlate directly with the level of tissue damage 7 . Compared to the serum levels, the tissue levels of UA may be even better predictors of tissue injury 7 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In different biological studies, UA levels have been found to correlate directly with the level of tissue damage 7 . Compared to the serum levels, the tissue levels of UA may be even better predictors of tissue injury 7 . Thus, UA may be considered as a marker of tissue damage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of Serum Uric Acid in Chronic Liver Disease and Its Relation With Other Parameters

Paul¹,

Chakravarti²,

Mandal³

et al. 2013

Int. Res. J. Pharm.

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In chronic liver disease, high uric acid levels are independently associated with severe disease and poor prognosis. However, studies regarding the relation of uric acid levels with different parameters of liver dysfunction are rare from India. Our aim was to study uric acid (UA) levels in chronic liver disease and find any association of UA with different blood parameters and prognosis. We selected patients of chronic liver disease of any etiology. We did the serum UA test along with full liver function tests. Child Turcot Pugh (CTP) score was calculated for each patient. Then by suitable statistical tests, any association or correlation was studied. We had total of 52 patients with 31 % female. 19 (36.5 %) of the cases had liver disease secondary to alcoholism followed by 15 cases of non alcoholic fatty liver disease. 69.2 % of the patients were in CTP class B or C. Serum UA levels were significantly higher in chronic viral hepatitis cases (p<0.001). UA levels showed significant correlation with serum bilirubin (r=0.567), SGOT (r=0.464) and mortality. The UA levels showed significant correlation with severe disease and mortality. However, whether UA can be included in risk stratification of chronic liver disease can only be determined by larger randomized trials.

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Changes of Uric Acid Level in Rat Brain After Focal Ischemia

Cited by 32 publications

References 12 publications

The effect of allopurinol on focal cerebral ischaemia: an experimental study in rabbits

The effect of allopurinol on focal cerebral ischaemia: an experimental study in rabbits

Allopurinol and dimethylthiourea reduce brain infarction following middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats.

Study of Serum Uric Acid in Chronic Liver Disease and Its Relation With Other Parameters

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