Changes of triglyceride and glycogen levels in the liver of underyearling masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou during starvation

Misaka, Naoyuki; Mizuno, Shinya; Miyakoshi, Yasuyuki; Takeuchi, Katsumi; Takami, Tatsuya; Kasahara, Noboru

doi:10.2331/suisan.70.168

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Lipids were assayed colourimetrically with medical diagnostic kits. These techniques are able to measure the lipids of small sample such as whole eggs and larvae of marine fishes (Suzuki et al ., 1994; Ohkubo & Matsubara, 2002) and the liver of juvenile masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou Brevoort (Misaka et al ., 2004). The livers of five fish were randomly selected from the livers of 10 fish stored from each sample.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Winter lipid depletion of juvenile walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma in the Doto area, northern Japan

Kooka

Yamamura

Ohkubo

et al. 2009

Journal of Fish Biology

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Seasonal variation in body size and nutritional condition of juvenile walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma was examined to elucidate the mechanism underlying their first-winter survival on the continental shelf of the Doto area, northern Japan, based on monthly samples collected over 2 years. Stored lipid mass was highest during autumn, but 93% (2004) and 80% (2005) of lipids were exhausted by the onset of winter. Lipid levels in the winter of 2004 remained low (7-14% of the autumnal maximum), and there was reduced growth rate until the spring, whereas in 2005 lipid levels were higher and more variable (10-46% of the maximum) and some growth occurred. An analysis of the allometric relationships between body size and stored energy showed that larger individuals accumulated disproportionately more energy in the autumn, but the advantage disappeared prior to the winter. In January 2004, stored lipid energy was low throughout the Doto continental shelf relative to the continental slope area. These results suggest that winter feeding opportunities on the shelf are severely limited but not completely absent. Previous studies have shown that winter temperatures on the shelf are lower than those in the slope area. It is possible that juvenile T. chalcogramma survive winter on the shelf without a high level of pre-winter lipid storage because the occasional feeding in the cold shelf water benefits energy conservation.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Winter lipid depletion of juvenile walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma in the Doto area, northern Japan

Kooka

Yamamura

Ohkubo

et al. 2009

Journal of Fish Biology

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“…This consideration may demonstrate that metabolic problems of hatchery fish result from the stress of the artificial rearing environment such as feeding, artificial handling and high rearing densities. In addition, Misaka et al (2004) elucidated that fasting induced a rapid decrease in hepatic glycogen in masu salmon, which suggests that the amount of food supplied impacts the hepatic glycogen content. Therefore, the small hepatic glycogen content of hatchery fish is possibly caused by stress related to low food supply in the present study.…”

Section: -3 Differences In Metabolism Between 1+ Wild and Hatchery mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, it is important to monitor the nutritional condition of the stocked juveniles in order to evaluate the advantages of the spring juvenile release program. In 0+ masu salmon, liver triglyceride (TG) contents, the storage lipid used as energy source in fish, are an appropriate index for the evaluation of the nutritional condition in wild and hatchery fish, since decreased TG levels were found by artificial starvation (Misaka et al 2004). However, TG levels in the liver are not enough to assess nutritional condition of the stocked juveniles.…”

Section: -1 Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on Improvement of Seed Production Techniques in Salmonids and Osmerids

Mizuno¹

2012

Aqua-BioSci. Monogr. (ABSM)

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anadromous and stream-resident types. The anadromous type migrates to the ocean in spring after spending 1 or 2 years in the streams. Before the seaward migration, they undergo smoltification, a series of behavioral, morphological, physiological and biochemical changes controlled by multiple hormonal pathways (Hoar 1988) that transform the freshwater parr into a seaward-migratory smolt. After 1 year of life in the ocean, the fish return to their natal stream in spring and spawn in autumn (Kubo 1980;Machidori and Kato 1984;Kato 1991). For the artificial propagation of masu salmon, hatchery-reared (hatchery) juveniles, originating from artificial insemination and fed a commercial food in hatcheries, are released into streams (Mayama 1992). Effects of masu salmon propagation, which are expressed as the recovery rate of released hatchery seed, are of 0.41 to 2.12% (Miyakoshi 2006), while the recovery rate of chum salmon artificial propagation was >10% (Taya 1989). In other Salmon and Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute Fisheries Research Department Local Independent Administrative Agency Hokkaido Research Organization 3-373, Kitakashiwagi, Eniwa, Hokkaido 061-1433, Japan e-mail: mizuno-shinya@hro.or.jp Abstract Anadromous salmonids and osmerids are artificially propagated in Japan by release of their seeds. However, there are many unsolved problems in the techniques of their propagation. In the present monograph, studies on the improvement of seed production techniques in 4 fishes (masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou, chum salmon O. keta, shishamo smelt Spirinchus lanceolatus and Japanese smelt Hypomesus nipponensis) were outlined. Techniques to evaluate dorsal fin pigmentation during smoltification as an external seed quality, and to improve seed quality of hatchery-reared fish, and the discovery of metabolic problems in hatchery-reared fish were described in yearling masu salmon. In underyearling masu salmon, techniques to evaluate nutritional conditions using kidney melano-macrophage density was developed, and applied to the evaluation of the nutritional condition in hatchery-reared fish after release. In chum salmon fry, the development of techniques to monitor the physical condition and to find its appropriate culture conditions was reviewed. In egg cultures of shishamo and Japanese smelt, techniques to eliminate egg adhesiveness with treatments of kaolin or scallop shell powder suspension were established in order to improve hatching rates. In addition, the appropriate embryogenetic stage for the release of shishamo smelt embryos was demonstrated. Consequently, this monograph reveals that these techniques contribute directly to the development of artificial propagation in some salmonids and osmerids. Studies on Improvement of Seed Production Techniques in Salmonids and Osmerids Shinya Mizuno

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“…This consideration may demonstrate that metabolic problems in hatchery fish result from the stress of the artificial rearing environment such as feeding, artificial handling and high rearing density. In addition, Misaka et al (2004) have found that fasting induced rapid decreases in hepatic GC content of masu salmon, which suggest that amount of supplied food impacts on hepatic GC content. Therefore, small hepatic GC content of hatchery fish found in our study is possibly caused by stress related to less food.…”

Section: Differences In Metabolic Parameters Between Wild and Hatchermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Assays for liver GC and triglyceride (TG) content were performed according to Misaka et al (2004). A piece of sampled liver for GC analysis was homogenized in heated 30 % (w/v) potassium hydroxide, added to ethanol and centrifuged at 2.5 × 10 3 rpm for 20 min at 4 °C.…”

Section: Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in activity and transcript level of liver and gill metabolic enzymes during smoltification in wild and hatchery-reared masu salmon (Oncorhynchus masou)

et al. 2012

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It is important for success of the masu salmon, Oncorhynchus masou, stock enhancement program in Hokkaido (northern Japan) to demonstrate physiological problems in hatchery-reared (hatchery) smolt for artificial release. The present study examined changes in liver and gill metabolic parameters in wild and hatchery masu salmon during smoltification and elucidated differences in hepatic and gill metabolism between wild and hatchery fish. As reference to freshwater-adapted wild and hatchery smolt in this study, metabolic parameters of coastal smolt were studied. Yearling wild and hatchery smolting fish were collected from the Ken-ichi River and the Donan Research Branch, which used Ken-ichi river water for fish culture, at the same time were no remarkable differences in hepatic and gill 3-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase related to lipolysis and creatine kinase activities, which operate in resolution of creatine phosphate, during smoltification between hatchery and wild fish.These results suggested hatchery masu salmon had some metabolic problems with carbohydrate metabolism, the citric acid cycle and the respiratory chain. Our study will give valuable information to improve physiological quality of hatchery smolt for artificial release.

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Changes of triglyceride and glycogen levels in the liver of underyearling masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou during starvation

Cited by 11 publications

References 8 publications

Winter lipid depletion of juvenile walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma in the Doto area, northern Japan

Winter lipid depletion of juvenile walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma in the Doto area, northern Japan

Studies on Improvement of Seed Production Techniques in Salmonids and Osmerids

Changes in activity and transcript level of liver and gill metabolic enzymes during smoltification in wild and hatchery-reared masu salmon (Oncorhynchus masou)

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