Changes of serum and blood volumes during gestation and lactation in multiparous sows

Matte, J. J.; Girard, C. L.

doi:10.4141/cjas96-039

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 7 publications

(7 reference statements)

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“…A decline in serum Se contents was previously reported in sows, with lower contents at 90 and 110 days of pregnancy (Mahan and Kim, 1996;Mahan and Peters, 2004). This decline in Se contents may be related to an active transfer of Se to foetuses, as suggested by Mahan and Kim (1996), and also to an increase in blood volume during pregnancy (Matte and Girard, 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Effect of organic and inorganic selenium sources in sow diets on colostrum production and piglet response to a poor sanitary environment after weaning

Quesnel

Renaudin

Floc'H

et al. 2008

Animal

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The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of the chemical form of selenium (Se) fed to sows (1) on production and immune quality of colostrum and (2) on piglet response to a deterioration of sanitary conditions after weaning. Twenty-two pregnant sows were assigned to receive a diet supplemented with 0.3 ppm Se from either sodium selenite (inorganic Se) or Se-enriched yeast (organic Se as Sel-Plex R ; Alltech Inc., Nicholasville, KY, USA). Dietary treatments were applied during the last month of pregnancy and lactation. Blood samples were collected on sows before dietary treatment, on the day of weaning and 6 weeks later, and on three to five piglets within litters at birth, at weaning and 6 weeks post weaning. Whole blood was analysed for Se concentration. Colostrum samples were collected at 0, 3, 6 and 24 h post partum and milk samples on days 14 and 27 of lactation. Colostrum and milk were analysed for Se and immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentrations. At weaning, 40 pairs of littermate piglets were moved to rooms where sanitary conditions were good or purposely deteriorated. Piglets were reared individually and fed ad libitum. After 15 days, piglets and feed refusals were weighed and a blood sample was collected to measure plasma haptoglobin concentration. When sows were fed organic Se, Se concentrations were increased by 33% in colostrum (P , 0.05), 89% in milk (P , 0.001) and by 28% in whole blood of piglets at weaning (P , 0.001). Colostrum production during the 24 h after the onset of farrowing and IgG concentrations in colostrum and milk did not significantly differ between the two groups of sows. Weaned piglets reared in good sanitary conditions grew faster (P , 0.001) than piglets housed in poor conditions. Sanitary conditions did not influence mean plasma haptoglobin concentrations of piglets (P . 0.1). The source of Se fed to the dams did not influence piglet performance or haptoglobin concentrations after weaning. These findings confirm that, compared with inorganic Se, organic Se fed to the dam is better transferred to colostrum and milk, and consequently to piglets. They indicate that the Se source influences neither colostrum production nor IgG concentrations in colostrum, and that the higher Se contents of piglets does not limit the reduction of growth performance when weaning occurs in experimentally deteriorated sanitary conditions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Effect of organic and inorganic selenium sources in sow diets on colostrum production and piglet response to a poor sanitary environment after weaning

Quesnel

Renaudin

Floc'H

et al. 2008

Animal

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“…In humans, the effect of hemodilution, changes in serum albumin, or folic acid supplementation have been ruled out to explain those variations in homocysteine (Murphy et al, 2002). In the current study, hemodilution and serum albumin are also unlikely to be important factors because both blood volume (Matte and Girard, 1996) and serum albumin (Robert et al, 1996) in sows change only slightly (i.e., an increase of less than 5% during the first 60 d of gestation). However, variations in the folate status could have an effect on homocysteine metabolism in midgestation as compared with early gestation, because plasma folates decreased by approximately 24% (stage of lactation, P = 0.01; from 63.4 ± 2.14 to 48.3 ± 1.66 ng/ mL, data not shown) between 15 and 60 d of gestation in spite of an adequate (Matte and Girard, 1999) dietary supplement of folic acid given to those animals.…”

Section: Dietary Cyanocobalamin Concentration G/kgmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…Gilts were fed 3.0 kg/d of a diet without any supplemental vitamin B 12 (Table 1). Eight blocks of 5 animals were formed according to their total circulating vitamin B 12 in plasma, which was based on plasma vitamin B 12 concentration and an estimated plasma volume of 4% of BW (Matte and Girard, 1996). Estrus was detected twice a day by introducing a boar into the pen between 0800 and 0900 and from 1600 to 1700.…”

Section: Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of concentrations of cyanocobalamin in the gestation diet on some criteria of vitamin B12 metabolism in first-parity sows1,2

Simard

Guay

Girard

et al. 2007

Journal of Animal Science

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In swine nutrition, little is known about the role of vitamin B(12) in the reproductive processes. The current study was undertaken to obtain information on the dose-response pattern of different metabolic criteria related to the homeostasis of vitamin B(12) and homocysteine in gestating sows receiving various concentrations of dietary vitamin B(12) (cyanocobalamin). Homocysteine is a detrimental intermediate metabolite of the vitamin B(12)-dependent remethylation pathway of Met. Forty nulliparous (Large White x Landrace) sows were randomly assigned during gestation to dietary treatments containing 5 concentrations of cyanocobalamin (0, 20, 100, 200, or 400 microg/kg). During lactation, a diet containing 25 microg of cyanocobalamin/kg (as-fed) was given to all sows. During gestation, plasma vitamin B(12) increased as concentrations of dietary cyanocobalamin increased (linear and quadratic, P < 0.01) and the effect persisted during lactation (21 d postpartum) both in plasma (linear and quadratic, P < 0.05) and the liver (linear and quadratic, P < 0.04). Plasma homocysteine decreased with concentrations of cyanocobalamin provided to sows during gestation (linear, quadratic, and cubic, P < 0.01). At parturition, vitamin B(12) in colostrum increased as concentrations of cyanocobalamin increased (linear and quadratic, P < 0.01), but the treatment effect persisted (linear, P = 0.01) only up to 1 d postfarrowing. However, in piglets there was no treatment effect (P = 0.59) on plasma vitamin B(12) before colostrum intake, but a linear effect of concentrations of cyanocobalamin (P = 0.04) was observed 1 d later. Plasma homocysteine in piglets during lactation decreased with increasing concentrations of cyanocobalamin given to sows in gestation (linear and quadratic, P < 0.01). Based on a broken-line regression model, the concentrations of dietary cyanocobalamin that maximized plasma vitamin B(12) and minimized plasma homocysteine of sows during gestation were estimated to be 164 and 93 microg/kg, respectively. The maximal residual responses in sows and piglets during lactation were observed with treatments of 100 or 200 microg of cyanocobalamin/kg. The dietary cyanocobalamin concentration necessary to optimize the response of these metabolic criteria remains to be refined within lower and narrower ranges of cyanocobalamin concentrations (i.e., <200 mg/kg). Moreover, the biological significance of such concentrations of cyanocobalamin needs to be validated with performance criteria by using greater numbers of animals during several parities.

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“…This change is partly explained by a faster heart rate of the mother, as shown in ewes [11,50], and by a redirection of blood flow to the uterus at the expense of other tissues and organs, like skin and carcass (ewe: Rosenfeld et al [50]; cow: Ferrell and Ford [20]; guinea pig: Peeters et al [39]). The increase in blood volume during pregnancy shown in pigs [2,36,51], and the greater uterine artery endothelial production of the potent vasodilatators, prostacyclin and nitric oxide, demonstrated in pregnant sheep [34], may also be involved.…”

Section: Effect Of Number Of Foetuses In the Uterine Hornmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uterine blood flow in sows: effects of pregnancy stage and litter size

Père

Etienne

2000

Reprod. Nutr. Dev.

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-Female pigs were assigned to three groups at 94 days of age: a control group (CTR), a group undergoing the ligation and severing of the left oviduct (LIG), and a group undergoing right hysteroovariectomy (HHO). They were inseminated at 307 days of age. At 35 days of pregnancy, an ultrasonic transit time flow probe was implanted around the middle artery of one uterine horn in 33 sows and uterine blood flow was measured during thirteen 24-h periods between 44 and 111 days. Despite large differences in ovulation rate per uterine horn (4.8, 8.3 and 16.9 in the LIG, CTR and HHO groups, respectively), variation of litter size was considerably reduced with advancement of pregnancy (3.0, 6.6 and 10.8 foetuses per uterine horn at 35 days, and 3.0, 5.8 and 4.9 at 112 days (slaughter), respectively). Uterine blood flow increased linearly during pregnancy. It was lower in the LIG sows (0.82 to 1.74 L . min -1. horn -1 from 44 to 111 days) than in the CTR and HHO sows (1.22 to 2.84 and 1.09 to 2.63 L . min -1. horn -1 , respectively). It was more closely related to litter weight than to litter size and amounted to 0.42 L . min -1. kg foetus -1 at 111 days. Uterine blood flow per foetus decreased when litter size increased. It increased from 0.31 to 0.72, 0.26 to 0.60 and 0.20 to 0.43 L . min -1. foetus -1 from 44 to 111 days when there were 2 to 3, 4 to 5, and 6 to 8 foetuses in the uterine horn, respectively. This explains why piglets from large litters are lighter at birth.

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Changes of serum and blood volumes during gestation and lactation in multiparous sows

Cited by 17 publications

References 7 publications

Effect of organic and inorganic selenium sources in sow diets on colostrum production and piglet response to a poor sanitary environment after weaning

Effect of organic and inorganic selenium sources in sow diets on colostrum production and piglet response to a poor sanitary environment after weaning

Effects of concentrations of cyanocobalamin in the gestation diet on some criteria of vitamin B12 metabolism in first-parity sows1,2

Uterine blood flow in sows: effects of pregnancy stage and litter size

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