Changes of rock glacier vegetation in 25 years of climate warming in the Italian Alps

Cannone, Nicoletta; Piccinelli, Silvia

doi:10.1016/j.catena.2021.105562

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…c. the arthropod communities of the foreland would exhibit signs of homogenization, in line with studies on plants (Cannone and Piccinelli, 2021; Rydgren et al, 2014), to the extent that species groups are less indicative of chronosequence zones than they were 15 years ago.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Repeated survey along the foreland of a receding Norwegian glacier reveals shifts in succession of beetles and spiders

et al. 2022

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Glacier forelands provide important sites to study climate-forced ecological succession because a chronosequence is apparent along a single valley. However, most studies of invertebrate succession in forelands provide a single snapshot of community assemblage patterns. With glaciers retreating rapidly worldwide, it is important to begin re-surveying community composition and assessing changes in relation to new terrain revealed by the retreating ice. In this study, we repeat a survey of spiders and beetles along the glacier foreland of the sub-alpine glacier Austerdalsbreen in western Norway, 15 years after an initial assessment in 2004, during which time the glacier has retreated 400 m. Invertebrates were sampled in 18 sites that represent a terrain age gradient of approximately 10–250 years since glacier recession. Forty spider species and 70 beetle species were identified, constituting the richest record in Nordic glacier forelands for these two taxonomic groups. Furthermore, three distinctive stages of succession were determined using TWINSPAN and NMDS: (1) a pioneer colonizer stage; (2) an intermediate successional stage; and (3) two late colonizer stages. Additionally, a species group of omnipresent species was identified. The transition from pioneer stage to early succession was characterized by a high degree of taxonomic replacement. Compared to the findings in 2004, we found that the composition of species groups on relatively old terrain is becoming more similar, while the differences between the species groups on the younger terrain are widening. This discrepancy is discussed in relation to climate warming, which potentially facilitates faster establishment of vegetation and early successional invertebrates and may therefore increase competition stress for cold-adapted pioneer species.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Repeated survey along the foreland of a receding Norwegian glacier reveals shifts in succession of beetles and spiders

et al. 2022

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“…A substation is an important carrier of power transmission. 1 − 3 Transformer oil is widely used as an insulating material in substations. 4 − 6 However, jet fire accidents often occur due to the thermal runaway of transformer oil.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A substation is an important carrier of power transmission. − Transformer oil is widely used as an insulating material in substations. − However, jet fire accidents often occur due to the thermal runaway of transformer oil. − Many scholars have been puzzled by substation safety problems . Gómez-Mares et al investigated 84 jet fire events and found that 50% of the events induced a domino effect.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Investigation of the Combustion Behavior of Transformer Oil Jet Flame

Sun

Liu

et al. 2022

ACS Omega

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Transformer oil jet fire is one of the most dangerous types of fires in substations. The combustion behavior of transformer oil jet fire produces uncontrollable hazards to personnel and equipment and even triggers a domino effect. However, the jet fire combustion behavior of such materials as transformer oil has not been revealed before. Investigation of the combustion behavior of transformer oil jet fire has positive implications for the prevention and control of substation fires. In this paper, KI25X transformer oil was used as fuel. A series of transformer oil jet fire experiments were conducted with variable orifice diameters (5, 10, and 15 mm) with heat release rates ranging from 200 to 659.2 kW. The results showed that the entrainment coefficient of transformer oil jet fire was greater than that of pure gas phase jet fire. The entrainment coefficient of transformer oil jet fire was 0.029. Using dimensionless theory, it was proposed that the imaginary point source was proportional to the 0.317 power of Froude number. Based on the point source model, a dimensional analysis model with Reynolds number was developed. The radiation fraction of transformer oil jet fire was proportional to the −0.133 power of Reynolds number. This study played an important role in improving the jet combustion behavior of transformer oil.

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“…However, there are a lot of oil-filled equipment in the substation. Due to equipment aging, corrosion or misoperation, a large amount of high-temperature transformer oil may spread out quickly, encounter open flames or discharge the spark which will form a gas-liquid two-phase flow jet fire [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Study on Axial Temperature Profile of Jet Fire of Oil-Filled Equipment in Substation

et al. 2021

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With the widespread use of substations around the world, oil jet fire accidents from transformer oil-filled equipment in substations caused by faults have occurred from time to time. In this paper, a series of transformer oil jet fire experiments are carried out by changing the external heat source (30 cm and 40 cm) and the inner diameter of the container (5 cm, 8 cm and 10 cm) to study the axial centerline temperature distribution of the transformer oil jet fire plume of the transformer oil-filled equipment in the substation. The experiment uses K-type thermocouple, electronic balance and CCD to measure and assess the temperature distribution of the axial centerline of the fire plume of the transformer oil jet. The result demonstrates that the axial centerline temperature of the fire plume increases with the external heat release rate and the inner diameter of the container. In addition, a novel axial temperature distribution prediction model of the transformer oil jet fire plume is established. This model can effectively predict the oil jet fire plume temperature of transformer oil- filling equipment in substations, and provide help for substation fire control.

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Changes of rock glacier vegetation in 25 years of climate warming in the Italian Alps

Cited by 13 publications

References 56 publications

Repeated survey along the foreland of a receding Norwegian glacier reveals shifts in succession of beetles and spiders

Repeated survey along the foreland of a receding Norwegian glacier reveals shifts in succession of beetles and spiders

Experimental Investigation of the Combustion Behavior of Transformer Oil Jet Flame

Experimental Study on Axial Temperature Profile of Jet Fire of Oil-Filled Equipment in Substation

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