Changes of polybrominated diphenyl ether concentrations in ducks with background exposure level and time

Abstract

h i g h l i g h t sWe conducted a semi-field experiment of ducks in an e-waste recycling site. PPBDEs increased in fat with time, but fluctuated in other tissues with exposure level. High brominated DE levels increased with time but low brominated DE fluctuated in fat. High brominated DEs seem to have longer half-lives than low brominated DEs in fat. a r t i c l e i n f o b s t r a c tTo reveal what degree bioaccumulation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) depends on exposure time and other factors, we conducted a semi-field experiment for a year (June 2008-June 2009) in a village in an e-waste recycling site in Taizhou, China. Approximately one hundred of juvenile ducks (Anas domestica Linnaeus) were entrusted to a villager. The ducks lived and forged in a PBDE-polluted pond from the late March to the end of November. Fish and mudsnails that were heavily polluted by PBDEs were main food. In cold days (from December to the middle March), the ducks lived in the villager' house, and mainly fed on paddy, which contained lower concentrations of PBDEs than fish and mudsnails. The female ducks were sampled for PBDE analysis every three months. We found that the P PBDE concentrations in duck liver, muscle, lung and brain fluctuated greatly with the changes of exposure levels that were determined by the environment and diets, but the P PBDE concentrations in fat tissue increased successively with time. Congener analysis demonstrated that the successive increase in the P PBDE concentrations with time in fat tissue was due to the successive increase in concentrations, with large fluctuations of low brominated congeners. The results show that PBDE concentrations in liver, muscle, lung and brain tissues heavily depends on exposure levels rather than exposure time. In fat tissue, by contrast, PBDE concentrations (mainly high brominated congeners) slightly depends on exposure levels but heavily depend on time relative to other tissues, implying that high brominated congeners seem to have longer half-lives than low brominated congeners in fat tissue.

Accumulation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in the brain compared with the levels in other tissues among different vertebrates from an e-waste recycling site

“…Previous studies reported high levels of PBDEs in soil, sediment and air samples from this area, with BDE-209 as the dominant congener (Han et al, 2009;Tang et al, 2014;Yu et al, 2016). High levels of PBDEs have also been found in wildlife and domestic animals in this area (Liu et al, 2011(Liu et al, , 2015Qin et al, 2011;Yang et al, 2011), suggesting that Taizhou would be an appropriate locale for investigating the bioaccumulation of PBDEs. In particular, collecting biotic samples from different animals from the same site facilitates the comparison of species-specific differences in bioaccumulations of PBDEs.…”

“…Tissue samples were extracted, cleaned and analyzed according to previously reported methods (Liu et al, 2011(Liu et al, , 2015 with minor modifications. Briefly, after freeze-drying, homogenizing with anhydrous sodium sulfate and spiking with surrogate standard ( 13 C-labeled BDE-209) and recovery standard (BDE-71), samples were extracted twice with n-hexane/dichloromethane (1:1, vol/vol) by ultrasonic agitation.…”

Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) in a Large, Highly Polluted Freshwater Lake, China: Occurrence, Fate, and Risk Assessment

“…In China, the occurrence of PBDEs in surface water has been investigated in the three major river systems Pearl River, Yellow River, and Yangtze River at mean concentrations of Σ 7 PBDE (excluding 209) up to 0.08 ng/L [ 24 ], 1.26 ng/L [ 25 ], and 6.44 ng/L [ 26 ], respectively. The concentrations of PBDEs in Chaohu Lake basin were situated between the above concentrations, but were lower than those in the water of e-waste dismantling areas [ 27 ]. In addition, suspended particulate matter (SPM) samples collected from Chaohu Lake were investigated by He et al [ 28 ].…”

Evaluation of Chlorpyrifos Transferred from Contaminated Feed to Duck Commodities and Dietary Risks to Chinese Consumers

“…These results indicated that chlorpyrifos had a low persistency in the livestock meat and the metabolism organs and that depletion of parent compound residues from the body occurred rapidly, which was different from bioaccumulation of persistent pollutant (e.g., polybrominated diphenyl ether) in ducks. 27 The HR (0.016 mg/kg) in fat of the 1× dose group was slightly higher than the MRL (0.01 mg/kg) set by CAC and Japan and lower than the MRL (0.05 and 0.1 mg/kg) set by the European Union (EU) and the United States, respectively. The HR (0.11 mg/kg) in fat of the 10× dose group was higher than the MRL (0.1 mg/kg) set by the United States.…”