Kiwifruit is currently cultivated in temperate areas with latitudes between 25° and 45°. China, Italy, New Zealand, counting for 87% of global production (Zhang et al., 2020a). Italy ranks second in kiwi production worldwide, with 316,443 tons produced in 2019 (Balestra and Costa, 2020;Zhang et al., 2020b).A few decades ago, the Italian kiwi market was domi-'Hayward' cultivar, belonging to A. deliciosa (A. Chev.) C.F. Liang & A.R. Ferguson. However, the last decade. Out of a total of 24,859 ha, green kiwi occupies 19,859 ha (79.89%) with 257,295 tons (81.3% of the total production), and yellow kiwi occupies 5,000 ha (20.11%) with 59,148 tons (18.7% of the total Italian kiwifruit production) (Balestra and Costa, 2020). Among the main green kiwi cultivars are three A. chinensis Planch cultivars, namely tetraploid genotype (2n =4x = 116) (Huang et al., 2002), bred at the Wuhan Institute of Botany (WIB). It has a low cooling demand (approximately 350-450 h), making it well adapted to a Mediterranean climate with mild winters and producing high-quality fruit. It was released to European kiwifruit growers in 2001 (Cipriani and Testolin, 2007) and is widely preferred for its productivity, good fruit quality, and shelf life. 'Gold3' or 'G3', also known as 'Zesy002', has replaced 'Hort16A' because of its increased tolerance to bacterial kiwi cancer caused by Pseudomonas syringae (Scortichini, 'Donghong' is a new cultivar widely cultivated in the Chinese provinces of Hubei and Sichuan (Cozzolino et al., 2020; Nie et al., 2020).• with a red endocarp; this cultivar is designated as red-What is the expected impact on horticulture?• Flesh richer in nutraceutical components may change the kiwi market.