Changes of Parameters of Infectivity and Efficiency of DifferentGlomus mosseaeArbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Strains in Cadmium‐Loaded Soils

Abstract

Adaptability of five Glomus mosseae cultures of different origins to the soil cadmium (Cd) content and the changes of the efficiency of the symbiosis between the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) strains and white clover (Trifolium repens L.) hosts were investigated in a pot experiment. The parameters of mycorrhizal colonization of the different strains and efficiency such as macroand microelement content of the shoots of mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal plants, the plant growth response to the increasing soil Cd content (0, 50, 100 mg kg 21 ), and the response to the AMF inoculation were compared at harvesting after 11 and 20 weeks. Variability was observed in the tolerance of different G. mosseae strains to soil Cd loading. Arbuscular richness of the probable Cd-adapted strain was not influenced either by increasing soil Cd content or harvesting time, whereas that parameters of nonadapted strains showed decrease in time. The effect of different AMF inoculation on plant biomass production also varied significantly. The phytotoxicity level caused by Cd was alleviated in the case of inoculation with two strains the most. Higher acqusition of some essential macro-and microelements were observed in case of mycorrhizal plants compared to controls. The general occurence and effectiveness of G. mosseae AMF species is obviously related to intraspecific variability. The adequate selected stress-tolerant AMF strains can be useful in phytoremediation.

Evolutionary criteria outperform operational approaches in producing ecologically relevant fungal species inventories

“…Within three Glomus species, intraspecific variation in AM fungal growth (extraradical hyphal production) and symbiotic functioning (phosphorus uptake and host plant growth parameters) was observed by Munkvold et al (2004). Functional variation in nutrient uptake and response to heavy metal contamination was observed among isolates of Glomus mosseae (Biró & Takács 2007;Biró et al 2009). As these responses were evaluated in 'common garden' studies, differences among isolates may have been attributable to the intrinsic fitness and symbiotic capacity of each isolate and/or variable responses to the environment in which they were grown (in terms of the host plant or the abiotic conditions).…”

“…(2004). Functional variation in nutrient uptake and response to heavy metal contamination was observed among isolates of Glomus mosseae (Biró & Takács 2007; Biró et al. 2009).…”

Role of arbuscular mycorrhiza in arresting reactive oxygen species (ROS) and strengthening antioxidant defense in Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. nodules under salinity (NaCl) and cadmium (Cd) stress

“…to nodules which may be another strategy whereby AM fungi alleviate the detrimental effects of stresses. Kaya et al (2009), Biro et al (2009 and Janouskova and Pavlikova (2010) suggested that Na ? and Cd 2?…”

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“…Our results of F. mosseae -pigeonpea relationship proved that AM fungus was functionally active in Cd or Zn polluted soils, suggesting that the fungal symbiont could thrive under the experimental metal concentrations. Under heavy metal stress, AM initiates the formation of spore forming hypha, resulting in rapid production of spores, which could be a mechanism for AM metal endurance (Biró, Nemeth, & Takács, 2009;Helgason & Fitter, 2009). Metal-induced decrease in MC has been documented in literature, nevertheless, metal tolerant fungal ecotypes and mycorrhizal colonized plants are found growing in metal contaminated soils (Hidelbrant, Regvar, & Bothe, 2007).…”