“…Additionally, vast Ca-contained pollutants were continually discharge into the atmosphere due the accelerated development of urbanization (construction industry and other human activities). The aqueous calcium hydroxide was generally applied to remove C B ) of in Guiyang city, data from previous studies was also included Han et al, 2019;Han, Wu & Tang, 2011;Xiao et al, 2013) the sulfur dioxide emitted from coal-fired industries (wet desulfurization) (Garea et al, 1996;Wang et al, 2017a), which is another potential source of atmospheric Ca, in particular, since the effective implementation of environmental protection policies, such as National Acid Rain and SO 2 Pollution Prevention Plan (Wen et al, 2020;Yu et al, 2019).…”
The rainwater chemistry and related air contaminants are used to investigate the rainwater ions sources, variations, and influence factors from 2012 to 2014 in Guiyang city (the typical karst urban area of Southwest China). According to temporal rainwater ion concentrations, the obvious variations were presented in the study period, such as Ca2+ (125∼6,652 μeq L−1) and SO42− (11∼4,127 μeq L−1). Consequently, Ca2+, Mg2+, SO42− and Cl− are considered as the leading ions. Three critical influencing factors of rainwater ions concentrations, including sources variations, rainfall amount and long-distance migration (rainfall amount > 100 mm) are identified. Based on the typical ionic ratios, source identification suggested that anthropogenic inputs mainly contributed to F−, NO3− and SO42−, while the dusts (crustal sources) are the primary sources of Mg2+, Ca2+ and K+. Cl− Enrichment in long-distance transport is the main contributor of Cl−. According to the observation of high level of total wet acid deposition, the more detailed spatio-temporal monitoring of rainfall-related acid deposition (particularly sulfur deposition) is required to understand its potential environmental effects in the aquatic ecosystem of the earth surface.
“…Additionally, vast Ca-contained pollutants were continually discharge into the atmosphere due the accelerated development of urbanization (construction industry and other human activities). The aqueous calcium hydroxide was generally applied to remove C B ) of in Guiyang city, data from previous studies was also included Han et al, 2019;Han, Wu & Tang, 2011;Xiao et al, 2013) the sulfur dioxide emitted from coal-fired industries (wet desulfurization) (Garea et al, 1996;Wang et al, 2017a), which is another potential source of atmospheric Ca, in particular, since the effective implementation of environmental protection policies, such as National Acid Rain and SO 2 Pollution Prevention Plan (Wen et al, 2020;Yu et al, 2019).…”
The rainwater chemistry and related air contaminants are used to investigate the rainwater ions sources, variations, and influence factors from 2012 to 2014 in Guiyang city (the typical karst urban area of Southwest China). According to temporal rainwater ion concentrations, the obvious variations were presented in the study period, such as Ca2+ (125∼6,652 μeq L−1) and SO42− (11∼4,127 μeq L−1). Consequently, Ca2+, Mg2+, SO42− and Cl− are considered as the leading ions. Three critical influencing factors of rainwater ions concentrations, including sources variations, rainfall amount and long-distance migration (rainfall amount > 100 mm) are identified. Based on the typical ionic ratios, source identification suggested that anthropogenic inputs mainly contributed to F−, NO3− and SO42−, while the dusts (crustal sources) are the primary sources of Mg2+, Ca2+ and K+. Cl− Enrichment in long-distance transport is the main contributor of Cl−. According to the observation of high level of total wet acid deposition, the more detailed spatio-temporal monitoring of rainfall-related acid deposition (particularly sulfur deposition) is required to understand its potential environmental effects in the aquatic ecosystem of the earth surface.
“…NH x deposition dominated dry, wet and total N deposition between 1980 and 2015, but its contribution gradually decreased due to increasing NO 3 − deposition (figure 5). The recent stabilization and even decrease of atmospheric N deposition [85,95] reflected successful N r emission control measures especially after 2013 [67]. Figure 5Temporal trends of wet ( a ), dry ( b ) and total ( c ) N deposition across China.…”
Section: Atmospheric N Deposition and Ecological Impactsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, the overuse of chemical fertilizer in China is estimated to be still greater than 30%, indicating that a substantial reduction in fertilizer use is still needed [16,128]. Figure 6Implementation steps of China's atmospheric environmental protection policies and measures particularly related to atmospheric N r emission control and air quality improvement (Modified from Wen et al [95]). (Online version in colour.)…”
Section: Regulations and Actions Mitigating Atmospheric Nr Emissionsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Implementation steps of China's atmospheric environmental protection policies and measures particularly related to atmospheric N r emission control and air quality improvement (Modified from Wen et al [95]). (Online version in colour.)…”
Section: Regulations and Actions Mitigating Atmospheric Nr Emissionsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…For long-term N r mitigation measures, the main national actions included denitration from industry and coal-fired power plants, natural gas heating replacing coal heating in northern cities, and agricultural NH 3 mitigation [11]. These have produced continuously positive effects in reducing atmospheric N r concentrations, N deposition and PM 2.5 pollution [95,96,151]. For example, the replacement of coal by natural gas for heating caused a greater than 75% decline in PM 2.5 concentrations in Urumqi from January 2011 (322 µg m −3 ) to January 2014 (79 µg m −3 ) [151].…”
Section: Regulations and Actions Mitigating Atmospheric Nr Emissionsmentioning
Atmospheric reactive nitrogen (N
r
) has been a cause of serious environmental pollution in China. Historically, China used too little N
r
in its agriculture to feed its population. However, with the rapid increase in N fertilizer use for food production and fossil fuel consumption for energy supply over the last four decades, increasing gaseous N
r
species (e.g. NH
3
and NO
x
) have been emitted to the atmosphere and then deposited as wet and dry deposition, with adverse impacts on air, water and soil quality as well as plant biodiversity and human health. This paper reviews the issues associated with this in a holistic way. The emissions, deposition, impacts, actions and regulations for the mitigation of atmospheric N
r
are discussed systematically. Both NH
3
and NO
x
make major contributions to environmental pollution but especially to the formation of secondary fine particulate matter (PM
2.5
), which impacts human health and light scattering (haze). In addition, atmospheric deposition of NH
3
and NO
x
causes adverse impacts on terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems due to acidification and eutrophication. Regulations and practices introduced by China that meet the urgent need to reduce N
r
emissions are explained and resulting effects on emissions are discussed. Recommendations for improving future N management for achieving ‘win-win’ outcomes for Chinese agricultural production and food supply, and human and environmental health, are described.
This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Air quality, past present and future’.
Due to human activities, the overabundance of regional nitrogen/phosphorus (N/P) has a huge impact on ecological environment worldwide. It is necessary to comprehensively understand the human‐induced N/P input and spatiotemporal variations of nutrients in a river. As the adjustment to the spatial structure of Beijing, the Beijing's subcenter is an important strategic position in promoting the coordinated development of Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei. In this study, the dynamic changes of ammonia nitrogen (NH3‐N) and total phosphorus (TP) from 2012 to 2022 were analyzed, then the net anthropogenic N input (NANI) and net anthropogenic P input (NAPI) was estimated in the Beijing's subcenter. The results showed that both NH3‐N and TP had an overall downward trend with a three‐stage pattern. The NANI and NAPI declined from 5.68 × 104 and 0.95 × 104 to 0.78 × 104 and 0.15 × 104 kg km−2 per year, respectively. The chemical fertilizers input accounted for the largest part at 53–81% of NANI and 49–80% of NAPI. There were high values of N and P input in the southeast of Tongzhou, and the fluxes of N and P were positively correlated with the input of anthropogenic N and P in the Chaobai River Basin (Tongzhou District) and the Beiyun River Basin (Tongzhou District). This study would provide the foundation for setting priorities and enacting more targeted N/P management strategies in the Beijing's subcenter.
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