Purpose: To identify the main characteristics, based on available evidence, of stabilizer muscles to inform the development of a definition of stabilizer muscles. Methods: Electronic databases were systematically searched for relevant literature from the databases' inception to June 2013 using keywords related to stability, muscles, and characteristics of stabilizer muscles. Studies that provided at least one characteristic of a stabilizer muscle were included. For the quality assessment, all included articles were categorized as either experimental or opinion-based studies. Methodological quality was assessed using a customized checklist, and data were analyzed with a narrative synthesis involving content analysis. The number of articles providing either direct evidence supporting a link between the characteristic and joint stability or indirect evidence that a muscle considered to be a stabilizer has that characteristic determined the level of significance of that characteristic for stabilizer muscles. Results: A total of 77 studies met the inclusion criteria. The highest number of articles providing supporting evidence that a particular muscle characteristic plays a stabilizing role related to biomechanical characteristics (27 articles), followed by neurological characteristics (22 articles) and anatomical/physiological characteristics (4 articles). Conclusion: Based on a synthesis of supporting evidence from the literature, stabilizer muscles can be defined as muscles that contribute to joint stiffness by co-contraction and show an early onset of activation in response to perturbation via either a feed-forward or a feedback control mechanism. These results may guide researchers to investigate which muscles exhibit these characteristics to determine whether particular muscles have a stabilizer rather than a prime mover role during normal functioning.Key Words: joint instability; joints; muscles; systematic review.
RÉ SUMÉObjectif : Dé terminer les principales caracté ristiques des muscles stabilisateurs afin d'é clairer la formulation d'une dé finition des muscles stabilisateurs basé e sur les é lé ments de preuve disponibles. Mé thodes : On a effectué , dans des bases de donné es é lectroniques, une recherche systé matique de publications pertinentes depuis le dé but jusqu'en juin 2013 en utilisant des mots clé s lié s à la stabilité , aux muscles et aux caracté ristiques des muscles stabilisateurs. Les é tudes comportant au moins une caracté ristique d'un muscle stabilisateur ont é té incluses. Pour les fins de l'é valuation de la qualité , on a classé tous les articles inclus comme é tudes expé rimentales ou traduisant une opinion. On a é valué la qualité mé thodologique au moyen d'une liste de contrô le personnalisé e et analysé les donné es au moyen d'une synthè se narrative comportant une analyse de contenu. Le nombre d'articles pré sentant des é lé ments de preuve directs à l'appui de l'existence d'un lien entre la caracté ristique et la stabilité de l'articulation ou un é lé ment de preuve ind...