Changes of lead and barium with time in California off-shore basin sediments

No, Amy; Patterson, Clair C.

doi:10.1016/0016-7037(82)90204-6

Cited by 86 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Those estimated baseline values of 22–25 μg/g in sedimentary material are higher than measurements of preindustrial lead levels in California’s coastal sediments: north, south, east, and within our study area. These include baseline lead levels of: 5–8 μg/g in San Francisco Bay, ,, 10 μg/g in the Sierra Mountains, ≤ 10 μg/g in Monterey Bay, and 6–8 μg/g in Southern California’s coastal marine basins . Consequently, we consider the lead concentrations of the commercial “soils” (1.6–2.3 μg/g) and “sands” (3.8–4.7 μg/g) used in our study comparable to natural levels, those of lead concentrations in Santa Cruz soils (15–45 μg/g) elevated above natural levels, and those in the Preserve (110 μg/g) grossly contaminatedby an order of magnitude or more, which is consistent with our previous report .…”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These include baseline lead levels of: 5−8 μg/g in San Francisco Bay, 27,43,44 10 μg/g in the Sierra Mountains, 45 ≤ 10 μg/g in Monterey Bay, 20 and 6−8 μg/g in Southern California's coastal marine basins. 46 Consequently, we consider the lead concentrations of the commercial "soils" (1.6−2.3 μg/g) and "sands" (3.8−4.7 μg/g) used in our study comparable to natural levels, those of lead concentrations in Santa Cruz soils (15−45 μg/g) elevated above natural levels, and those in the Preserve (110 μg/g) grossly contaminatedby an order of magnitude or more, which is consistent with our previous report. 19 That variability, as well as the similarity between lead isotopic compositions of sediments in the Preserve and those of historic emissions of industrial lead from leaded gasoline combustion in California as shown in our previous report on lead contamination in the Preserve (Flegal et al) 19 supports that assumption.…”

Section: Environmental Science and Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Natural Lead Levels in Dandelions (Taraxacum officinale): A Weed, Folk Medicine, and Biomonitor

Odigie

Rojero

Hibdon

et al. 2018

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The natural lead concentration of dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) leaves is estimated to be 0.2 μg/g (dry weight), or 1–3 orders of magnitude below most contemporary measurements of that value for dandelions and other plants. This estimate is based on analyses of lead concentrations of dandelions grown in a trace metal clean laboratory, with environmental lead concentrations approximating natural levels. The protocols used in this study paralleled those in our previous study that estimated the natural blood lead level in humans (0.016 μg/dL), which is also 1–3 orders of magnitude below most contemporary measurements. Analyses of the isotopic ratios (206Pb/207Pb:208Pb/207Pb) of the lead in the plants grown in the laboratory and greenhouse and those collected in the field, as well as the isotopic ratios of the soils the plants were grown in in the laboratory, indicate that anthropogenic lead makes up a substantial amount of labile lead in today’s environments. Consequently, this estimate of the natural lead level in dandelion leaves provides both a benchmark for comparison of lead concentrations in contemporary plants and yet another measure of persistent lead contamination in the biosphere.

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Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Environmental Science and Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Lead Levels in Dandelions (Taraxacum officinale): A Weed, Folk Medicine, and Biomonitor

Odigie

Rojero

Hibdon

et al. 2018

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Retrospective Analysis of Anthropogenic Inputs of Lead and Other Heavy Metals to the Hawaiian Sedimentary Environment

Carlo¹,

Spencer²

1997

Appl. Organometal. Chem.

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In this paper we present and discuss heavy‐metal concentrations in sediment cores from the Ala Wai Canal, a small urban drainage estuary in Honolulu, Hawaii (Oahu Island), and from selected soils and sediments collected in less impacted areas of Hawaii. We focus on lead and its isotope ratios to document the introduction, proliferation and subsequent phasing‐out of alkyl‐lead fuel additives in Honolulu over the past 60 years. Sedimentary lead increases from <10 ppm in the oldest (deepest) unimpacted portions of the cores to ˜750 ppm in sediments from the mid‐1970s; lead contents then decrease to a range of 100–300 ppm in the most recent deposits. Lead concentrations in the canal sediments closely track the consumption of alkyl‐lead fuel additives used on Oahu in the middle of this century. More than 90% of the lead in certain core intervals is of anthropogenic origin. Stable lead isotope ratios reflect changes in the estuary's sources of lead and show that this lead has an isotopic signature distinct from natural samples. Undisturbed layers of sediments in the Ala Wai canal track the average composition of anthropogenic lead used in its Honolulu watershed through time. The distinctive pattern of lead isotopes measured in Ala Wai Canal sediments can be used to distinguish anthropogenic from natural lead in Hawaiian rural locations. Soils located away from point‐sources of contamination have isotopic compositions defined by mixtures of locally erupted volcanic rock, atmospheric dust and components similar to Ala Wai Canal anthropogenic lead. Natural lead concentrations in Hawaii are in the range of a few to a few tens of parts per million, with the high‐concentration end‐member occurring in a few selected intramountain basins where soils contain a significant component of continental dust fines scavenged by rainfall and concentrated by local geological conditions. Rural watershed material exhibits small but discernible elevations in lead concentrations due to anthropogenic effects. Other metals (cadmium, copper and zinc) in the Ala Wai Canal sediments also display patterns consistent with increased fluxes of metals attributable to anthropogenic activity. Unlike lead, no clear maxima are observed in sediments deposited during the mid 1970s. Rather, a continued input of these metals is attributed to expanding anthropogenic activity in the Ala Wai Canal watershed. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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The spectral and chemical measurement of pollutants on snow near South Pole, Antarctica

et al. 2017

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Remote sensing of light‐absorbing particles (LAPs), or dark colored impurities, such as black carbon (BC) and dust on snow, is a key remaining challenge in cryospheric surface characterization and application to snow, ice, and climate models. We present a quantitative data set of in situ snow reflectance, measured and modeled albedo, and BC and trace element concentrations from clean to heavily fossil fuel emission contaminated snow near South Pole, Antarctica. Over 380 snow reflectance spectra (350–2500 nm) and 28 surface snow samples were collected at seven distinct sites in the austral summer season of 2014–2015. Snow samples were analyzed for BC concentration via a single particle soot photometer and for trace element concentration via an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. Snow impurity concentrations ranged from 0.14 to 7000 part per billion (ppb) BC, 9.5 to 1200 ppb sulfur, 0.19 to 660 ppb iron, 0.013 to 1.9 ppb chromium, 0.13 to 120 ppb copper, 0.63 to 6.3 ppb zinc, 0.45 to 82 parts per trillion (ppt) arsenic, 0.0028 to 6.1 ppb cadmium, 0.062 to 22 ppb barium, and 0.0044 to 6.2 ppb lead. Broadband visible to shortwave infrared albedo ranged from 0.85 in pristine snow to 0.62 in contaminated snow. LAP radiative forcing, the enhanced surface absorption due to BC and trace elements, spanned from <1 W m−2 for clean snow to ~70 W m−2 for snow with high BC and trace element content. Measured snow reflectance differed from modeled snow albedo due to specific impurity‐dependent absorption features, which we recommend be further studied and improved in snow albedo models.

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Changes of lead and barium with time in California off-shore basin sediments

Cited by 86 publications

References 44 publications

Natural Lead Levels in Dandelions (Taraxacum officinale): A Weed, Folk Medicine, and Biomonitor

Natural Lead Levels in Dandelions (Taraxacum officinale): A Weed, Folk Medicine, and Biomonitor

Retrospective Analysis of Anthropogenic Inputs of Lead and Other Heavy Metals to the Hawaiian Sedimentary Environment

The spectral and chemical measurement of pollutants on snow near South Pole, Antarctica

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