Changes of Lactate Dehydrogenase and Its Isoenzyme Activity in Renal Diseases

Abstract

Analysis of the five different serum isoenzymes of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is of great value in the differential diagnosis of various diseases. In order to investigate the changes of serum LDH isoenzymes in several renal diseases, 44 patients with Korean hemorrhagic fever, 10 patients with chronic renal failure, 10 patients with nephrotic syndrome, and 15 healthy subjects were studied. The isoenzymes of LDH were determined by the Helena LDH isoenzyme electrophoresis procedure. LDHl was 22.3 ± 2.8, LDH2 29.4 ± 5.1, LDH3 20.8 ± 4.5, LDH4 9.0 ± 2.7 and LDH5 8.8 ± 3.2 mU/ml in healthy subjects. In patients in the oliguric stage of Korean hemorrhagic fever, LDHl was 63.4 ± 28.5, LDH2 99.7 ± 40.7, LDH3 107.5 ± 39.0, LDH4 41.9 ± 32.8 and LDH5 37.2 ± 26.3 mU/ml, while LDHl was 23.8 ± 11.7, LDH2 38.9 ± 14.6, LDH3 36.0 ± 18.7, LDH4 13.8 ± 13.0 and LDH5 12.7 ± 7.6 mU/ml in nonoliguric patients. In patients with chronic renal failure LDH1 was 33.2 ± 10.8, LDH2 41.9 ± 13.3, LDH3 27.7 ± 8.5, LDH4 12.1 ± 6.2 and LDH5 12.3 ± 5.8 mU/ml. In patients with nephrotic syndrome, LDH1 was 25.1 ± 4.3, LDH2 33.5 ± 4.9, LDH3 23.1 ± 6.2, LDH4 8.4 ± 3.7 and LDH5 8.4 ± 3.4 mU/ml. In summary, LDH3 activity was elevated in the oliguric stage of Korean hemorrhagic fever and LDH2 was elevated in chronic renal failure; those values were correlated with the BUN level.

Activity of d,l‐α‐Tocopherol (Vitamin E) against Cardiotoxicity Induced by Doxorubicin and Doxorubicin with Cyclophosphamide in Mice

“…Therefore, for the exact definition of serum α‐HBDH origin (heart, kidney, or both), more experiments measuring the enzyme activity from cardiac and renal tissue are necessary. So far, the simultaneous decrease in α‐HBDH and creatine kinase serum activity in current study together with other data (Kang et al 1991; Mizushima et al 1998) suggest that LDH1 and LDH2 leakage were the most probably due to myocardial damage.…”

“…Thus, an oliguric episode could result only in more severe renal impairment initiated by doxorubicin and with higher α‐HBDH serum activity, compared to the effect of doxorubicin as a single agent. On the other hand, elevated LDH3 activity was found in oliguric stage of haemorrhagic fever, whereas LDH2 serum elevation was reported in chronic renal failure (Kang et al 1991). In addition, there is no literature data about time‐dependent changes in serum α‐HBDH activity caused by doxorubicin nephrotoxicity.…”

“…A serum peroxide value can give an indirect status. Even though the exact mechanism of its action is not clearly defined, it has been investigated as a possible solution in prevention and treatment of various pathological conditions caused by oxidative stress due to different inducers (Kang et al 1991; van Haaften et al 2003; Guan et al 2004; Rezk et al 2004; Armutcu et al 2005; Tian et al 2005; Zaidi et al 2005). Some concern has been raised that antioxidants might be contraindicated during chemotherapy, since one of the ways that chemotherapeutic agents attack cancer cells is by causing oxidative damage.…”

Reviews: Altered Laboratory Findings Associated with End‐Stage Renal Disease

“…The activities of various isoenzymes of LDH seem to be increased proportionally, with no significant difference in LDH-1:LDH-5 ratio (26). However, LDH-2 has been found to be elevated in chronic renal failure, with its values correlating with blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels (27). Hemodialysis may induce a 20-40% increase in total LDH, LDH-1, and LDH-5; as for many other markers, predialysis levels should be more reliable (26).…”

Serum Total LDH Activity and LDH-2 Isozyme in Nephrotic Syndrome

“…LDH-1 and LDH-2 are found mainly in the heart, erythrocytes and kidneys, but mostly LDH-2 is expressed in the kidney in larger proportions. LDH-3 originates from the spleen, lungs, lymphatic glands and the platelets, while LDH-4 and LDH-5 can be found mainly in the skeletal muscles and liver [3,4] .…”