Changes of immunoglobulin synthesis in old people

Englisová, M; Englis, M; Kyral, V.; Kourilek, K.; Dvorák, K

doi:10.1016/0531-5565(68)90019-3

Cited by 14 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The first clinical and laboratory studies revealed that abnormal proteins occur in about 1% of the adult population, and there is an age-related increase. [39][40][41] These proteins were regarded as essentially benign because the development into multiple myeloma or Waldenström's macroglobulinemia was observed in only a few cases, despite the large number of cases observed over long periods. The first population-based MGUS screening studies were initiated by Waldenström's group in Sweden in the early 1960s; a large adult cohort (N 5 6995) was screened for pathological serum proteins in 1966.…”

Section: Monoclonal Gammopathymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…34 From the early 1980s, efforts were made, mainly influenced by Kyle's group, to establish criteria (discussed in detail above). 17 Today, over 50 years after the first studies on this topic were published, [35][36][37][38][39][40][41] we have gained a lot of additional insights. In 2009, the prospective PLCO cancer screening study, which included over 77 000 participants with up to 10 years of follow-up, identified 71 individuals who stored baseline samples and who subsequently developed multiple myeloma; all of these individuals had detectable abnormal serum proteins in their baseline samples.…”

Section: Monoclonal Gammopathymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Shall we treat smoldering multiple myeloma in the near future?

Landgren

2017

Hematology

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In recent years, several new drugs have been approved for the treatment of multiple myeloma. Many of these newer drugs are highly efficacious and less toxic than older chemotherapy drugs. In 2014, the diagnostic criteria for multiple myeloma were revised. The intent with the new criteria was to identify patients who require therapy at an earlier stage than at manifestation of organ complications. A subset of patients who were previously defined as having high-risk smoldering multiple myeloma was redefined as having multiple myeloma. In this context, it is logical to raise questions regarding the optimal clinical management of patients who are diagnosed with smoldering multiple myeloma in the current era. When is the optimal time to start therapy? Do the clinical trajectories for patients suggest there are distinct sub-entities hidden in the current category of smoldering multiple myeloma? How can we move the field forward from here? This paper reviews and dissects data and models on the topics of clinical features, underlying biology, and early treatment trials in smoldering multiple myeloma. The text highlights assumptions, facts, and gaps in the literature. As indicated in the title of the paper, the recurrent theme of the text is this: shall we treat smoldering multiple myeloma in the near future?

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Section: Monoclonal Gammopathymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Monoclonal Gammopathymentioning

confidence: 99%

Shall we treat smoldering multiple myeloma in the near future?

Landgren

2017

Hematology

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“…There are reports indicating that electrophoretically homogeneous mono clonal (M) components occur with increasing frequency in ageing subjects; in two such studies the incidence was 3% in individuals past 70 years of age, and 19% in the 90-to 99-year decade [18,19]. Natural Antibody 'Natural antibody' is the term used for antibody detectable in serum be fore immunization with the corresponding antigen, and arising presumably from exposure to antigens with similar (cross-reactive) determinants [20].…”

Section: Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The tis sue replacing the lymphoid tissue in lymph nodes varied from adipose to fi brous according to the build of the individual. Andrew [2] cited the several studies on changes in spleen weight with ageing and, although there was a wide scatter in weight at all ages of life, a maximum (c. 170 g) was reached at [16][17][18][19][20] years. Thereafter, little change occurred until around age 65, when a distinct fall in spleen weight occurred, associated with splenic fibrosis and lymphoid atrophy.…”

Section: Peripheral Lymphoid Tissuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ageing and Immunological Function in Man

Mackay¹

1972

Gerontology

112

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Ageing and immunological function in man is considered in terms of morphological changes with age in central and peripheral lymphoid tissues and functional changes with age in humoral and cell mediated immune function. Thymic atrophy with ageing is emphasized and may be critical. Humoral immunity, particularly towards ubiquitous and complex bacterial antigens, is not demonstrably impaired, although there may be ‘spotty’ losses of reactivity (clonal failure) for infrequently encountered antigens of limited heterogeneity. T cell depletion with age is demonstrable by most methods of testing, cutaneous responses to ubiquitous antigens, sensitization by DNCB and responsiveness to mitogenic effects of PHA. Autoantibodies to nuclear and tissue specific antigens increase in prevalence with ageing. An immunoepidemiological study showed a correlation between autoantibodies and various indices of cardiovascular disease, and mortality was greater in subjects with autoantibodies.

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Electrophoresis and densitometry of serum and urine in the investigation and significance of monoclonal immunoglobulins

MacNamara

Whicher

1990

Electrophoresis

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About 15% of monoclonal components or paraproteins are associated with malignancy when detected by simple electrophoresis on cellulose acetate membranes or agarose gel followed by protein staining. More sensitive methods for detecting monoclonal components result in a lower frequency of association with recognisable underlying disease. The sensitivity is dependent on the system used. Isoelectric focusing is 10 to 40 times more sensitive than simple electrophoresis at detecting monoclonal components. Electrophoretically separated bands may be quantitated densitometrically and at the present time this is the most satisfactory method for measuring monoclonal component concentration. Immunochemical methods for quantitating monoclonal components are limited by failure to react in a similar manner to polyclonal standards and giving problems of antigen excess resulting both in falsely elevated and low results. Electrophoretic methods must always be used in conjunction with these. The normal polyclonal ratio of immunoglobulin kappa:lambda light chain is disturbed by the presence of a monoclonal component. In 260 patients with myeloma we found that serum electrophoresis alone detected 90% while a disturbance in the kappa:lambda ratio detected 98%. However, 50% of monoclonal components less than 3 g/L were missed. Log kappa:lambda ratio correlates well with the densitometric scan of monoclonal components, both in vitro and in patients being monitored for treatment response in myeloma. This approach may complement or even replace densitometry for this purpose in the future.

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Changes of immunoglobulin synthesis in old people

Cited by 14 publications

References 2 publications

Shall we treat smoldering multiple myeloma in the near future?

Shall we treat smoldering multiple myeloma in the near future?

Ageing and Immunological Function in Man

Electrophoresis and densitometry of serum and urine in the investigation and significance of monoclonal immunoglobulins

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