Changes of Cell Wall Composition and Polymer Size in Primary Roots of Cotton Seedlings Under High Salinity

Zhong, Hailin; Läuchli, André

doi:10.1093/jxb/44.4.773

Cited by 231 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The extraction of cell wall materials were carried out according to Zhong and Läuchli (1993). Briefly, roots were homogenized in 8 mL 75% ethanol, incubated on ice for 20 min, and centrifuged at 4000 rpm for 10 min.…”

Section: Cell Wall Extraction and Fractionationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differential effects of nitrogen forms on cell wall phosphorus remobilization in rice (Oryza sativa) are mediated by nitric oxide, pectin content and the expression of the phosphate transporter OsPT2

Zhu¹,

Zhu²,

Hu³

et al. 2016

Plant Physiol.

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+ is a major source of inorganic nitrogen for rice (Oryza sativa), and NH 4 + is known to stimulate the uptake of phosphorus (P). However, it is unclear whether NH 4 + can also stimulate P remobilization when rice is grown under P-deficient conditions. In this study, we use the two rice cultivars 'Nipponbare' and 'Kasalath' that differ in their cell wall P reutilization, to demonstrate that NH 4 + positively regulates the pectin content and activity of pectin methylesterase in root cell walls under 2P conditions, thereby remobilizing more P from the cell wall and increasing soluble P in roots and shoots. Interestingly, our results show that more NO (nitric oxide) was produced in the rice root when NH 4 + was applied as the sole nitrogen source compared with the NO 3 2. The effect of NO on the reutilization of P from the cell walls was further demonstrated through the application of the NO donor SNP (sodium nitroprusside) and c-PTIO (NO scavenger 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4, 4, 5, 5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide). What's more, the P-transporter gene OsPT2 is up-regulated under NH 4 + supplementation and is therefore involved in the stimulated P remobilization. In conclusion, our data provide novel (to our knowledge) insight into the regulatory mechanism by which NH 4 + stimulates Pi reutilization in cell walls of rice.

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Section: Cell Wall Extraction and Fractionationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The extraction of pectin was carried out by washing approximately 2 mg of isolated cell walls three times with 1 mL water at 100°C for 1 h. The supernatants containing pectin were collected in a 5-mL tube after centrifugation at 13,200 rpm for 10 min (Zhong and Läuchli, 1993;Yang et al, 2011).…”

Section: Cell Wall Extraction and Fractionationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential effects of nitrogen forms on cell wall phosphorus remobilization in rice (Oryza sativa) are mediated by nitric oxide, pectin content and the expression of the phosphate transporter OsPT2

Zhu¹,

Zhu²,

Hu³

et al. 2016

Plant Physiol.

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“…Root cell walls of 8 weeks mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plants were extracted according to Zhong and Lauchli (1993). Roots were frozen in liquid N 2 and homogenized to a powder with a mortar and pestle.…”

Section: Preparation Of Cell Wallsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Individual cell wall components were extracted according to Zhong and Lauchli (1993). The crude cell walls of mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal roots (0.1 g) were incubated in 4 ml 0.5% ammonium oxalate buffer (containing 0.1% NaHB 4 ), and washed twice in boiling water for 2 h. After centrifugation the supernatants were collected, considered as pectin, and the volume was recorded.…”

Section: Fractionation Of Cell Wallsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arbuscular mycorrhizal colonisation increases copper binding capacity of root cell walls of Oryza sativa L. and reduces copper uptake

Zhang

Lin

Gao

et al. 2009

Soil Biology and Biochemistry

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a b s t r a c tThere is evidence that colonisation by mycorrhizal fungi can protect host plants from toxic concentrations of heavy metals. The mechanism by which protection is provided by the fungus for any particular metal is poorly understood. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants were inoculated with Glomus mosseae and grown for 4 weeks to ensure strong colonisation. The plants were then exposed to low to toxic concentrations of copper (Cu) and the uptake and distribution were examined. The effect of mycorrhizal colonisation on the cell wall composition and Cu binding capacity of roots was also investigated. Mycorrhizal plants showed moderate reductions in Cu concentrations in roots but large reductions in shoots. In roots, mycorrhizal plants accumulated more Cu in cell walls but much less in the symplasm compared to nonmycorrhizal plants. The differences in cell wall binding of Cu could be partly explained by changes in the composition of the cell wall. The mechanistic basis for the reduced Cu accumulation and the potential beneficial consequences of mycorrhizal associations on plant growth in Cu toxic soil are discussed.

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“…Tbe autofluorescence of cell walls due to phenolics was unchanged along the growing zone of unstressed maize roots or following stress-induced wall hardening (J. Pritchard, unpublished) so that there was little correlation of total wall phenolics with the changes in wall properties. Following reduction of growth by NaCI, which may be due to a tightening of a cell walls, the grow-ing zone of cotton roots had a slight increase in urionic acid and a decrease in the cellulose content of the wall (Zhong & Lauchli, 1993).…”

Section: Cell Wall Composition (A) Loosening Previous Studies Have Amentioning

confidence: 99%

The control of cell expansion in roots

Pritchard¹

1994

New Phytologist

153

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SUMMARY The expansion of roots is considered at the level of the single cell. The water relations of cell expansion are discussed. Water entry, solute import and cell wall properties are considered as possible regulatory points. It is argued that root cell expansion can be understood in terms of cell turgor pressure and the physical properties of the cell wall, provided solute supply is not limiting. Various measurements of cell wall properties in roots are presented and the assumptions underlying their measurements are presented. It is concluded that cell wall properties must be measured over short time periods to prevent alterations in wall properties during the experiment. The radial location of the load‐bearing layers is discussed and it is concluded that, unlike aerial tissue, growth is limited by the properties of the inner layer of the root cortex. Evidence is presented to show that cell wall properties can change both during development and following turgor perturbation. In general, however, turgor itself is tightly regulated, particularly towards the root tip. A number of environmental situations are presented in which root growth is altered. The mechanism of the alteration is discussed at the single cell level. These 'stresses’include osmotic stress, low temperature and soil compaction. In many cases the alteration of root growth is consistent with changes in the ceil wall properties of the growing ceils. Severe stress, resulting in near cessation of root cell extension, can result in a change (usually an increase) in turgor pressure. The change in turgor pressure of the cells in the growing zone is smaller than that which would be expected from a continuation of an unstressed solute import rate. This exemplifies both the change in cell wall properties and the tight turgor homeostasis of root tips. The biochemical processes which underlie the modulation of cell wall properties are presented as they are currently understood in roots. Measurements of the chemical composition of the wall have not revealed any useful differences which can explain the developmental or stress‐induced changes in cell wall properties. Recent work on cell wall enzymes and proteins may provide information about control of cross‐linkages within the wall. In the last section the relative importance of apoplastic and symplastic solute transport to the expanding cells is considered. At present the consensus appears to favour the symplastic route, but the apoplastic pathway may also operate, possibly as a scavenging mechanism for leaked ions. The regulation of turgor pressure by linking solute import with wall loosening is discussed.

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Changes of Cell Wall Composition and Polymer Size in Primary Roots of Cotton Seedlings Under High Salinity

Cited by 231 publications

References 21 publications

Differential effects of nitrogen forms on cell wall phosphorus remobilization in rice (Oryza sativa) are mediated by nitric oxide, pectin content and the expression of the phosphate transporter OsPT2

Differential effects of nitrogen forms on cell wall phosphorus remobilization in rice (Oryza sativa) are mediated by nitric oxide, pectin content and the expression of the phosphate transporter OsPT2

Arbuscular mycorrhizal colonisation increases copper binding capacity of root cell walls of Oryza sativa L. and reduces copper uptake

The control of cell expansion in roots

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