Changes occurring in cattle as a consequence of selection for growth rate in a stressful environment

Frisch, J. E.

doi:10.1017/s0021859600031841

Cited by 66 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(26 reference statements)

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“…Simultaneous variation at GH and IGF-I alleles observed in Canchim is intriguing when considering the increase in frequency of a Bos taurus-specific allele at the first locus and a Bos indicus-specific allele at the second locus. As pointed out by Frisch (1981), growth under moderate to high environmental stress is directly related to stress tolerance instead of growth potential itself. Selection for growth rate under these conditions would favor genotypes that have a lower maintenance requirement.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selection for breed-specific growth hormone and IGF-I alleles in a synthetic beef cattle cross, Canchim

et al. 1999

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This study was developed to evaluate selection effects on gene frequencies in a synthetic beef cattle cross (5/8 Charolais, 3/ 8 Zebu) named Canchim. A sample of 154 Canchim animals, representing three generation classes, was analyzed for seven molecular markers. Thirty-six Charolais cattle were also studied for comparison. A highly significant variation (P < 0.01), with a linear increase of the allele coding for valine at position 127 of the growth hormone peptide, was observed through generations. This allele was found in the Charolais sample but is not observed in Brazilian Bos indicus breeds. Four alleles were found for a microsatellite in the 5' flanking region of insulin-like growth factor I gene in Canchim. Allele sizes ranged from 231 to 225 bp. There was a significant (P < 0.05) nonlinear increase in the 225-bp allele frequency. This allele was not observed in Charolais. Six alleles were observed for microsatellite CSFM50 in the Canchim population. A significant (P < 0.05) linear reduction of the 168-bp allele was observed over the generations. The hypothesis of preferential mating for growth hormone polymorphism was supported by Wright's F-statistics. Estimated F IS value for growth hormone was 0.59 (P < 0.01). These results suggest that selection influenced three out of seven loci analyzed. The simultaneous increases of a Bos taurus-specific growth hormone allele and a Bos indicus-specific insulin-like growth factor I allele indicate that phenotypic selection favored different regions of both genomes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selection for breed-specific growth hormone and IGF-I alleles in a synthetic beef cattle cross, Canchim

et al. 1999

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“…Frisch (1981) compared Hereford 3 Shorthorn (HS) cattle selected for high growth in the presence of environmental stressors in the Australian tropics relative to a control line of HS cattle that had been selected at random. Selection for high growth in HS cattle increased adaptation to environmental stressors, but did not increase components associated with direct genes for growth.…”

Section: G 3 E Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Importance of adaptation and genotype × environment interactions in tropical beef breeding systems

Burrow

2012

Animal

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This paper examines the relative importance of productive and adaptive traits in beef breeding systems based on Bos taurus and tropically adapted breeds across temperate and (sub)tropical environments. In the (sub)tropics, differences that exist between breeds in temperate environments are masked by the effects of environmental stressors. Hence in tropical environments, breeds are best categorised into breed types to compare their performance across environments. Because of the presence of environmental stressors, there are more sources of genetic variation in tropical breeding programmes. It is therefore necessary to examine the genetic basis of productive and adaptive traits for breeding programmes in those environments. This paper reviews the heritabilities and genetic relationships between economically important productive and adaptive traits relevant to (sub)tropical breeding programmes. It is concluded that it is possible to simultaneously genetically improve productive and adaptive traits in tropically adapted breeds of beef cattle grazed in tropical environments without serious detrimental consequences for either adaptation or production. However, breed-specific parameters are required for genetic evaluations. The paper also reviews the magnitude of genotype 3 environment (G 3 E) interactions impacting on production and adaptation of cattle, where 'genotype' is defined as breed (within a crossbreeding system), sire within breed (in a within-breed selection programme) or associations between economically important traits and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs -within a marker-assisted selection programme). It is concluded that re-ranking of breeds across environments is best managed by the use of the breed type(s) best suited to the particular production environment. Re-ranking of sires across environments is apparent in poorly adapted breed types across extreme tropical and temperate environments or where breeding animals are selected in a temperate environment for use in the (sub)tropics. However, G 3 E interactions are unlikely to be of major importance in tropically adapted beef cattle grazed in either temperate or (sub)tropical environments, although sex 3 environment interactions may provide new opportunities for differentially selecting to simultaneously improve steer performance in benign environments and female performance in harsher environments. Early evidence suggests that re-ranking of SNPs occurs across temperate and tropical environments, although their magnitude is still to be confirmed in well-designed experiments. The major limitation to genetic improvement of beef cattle over the next decade is likely to be a deficiency of large numbers of accurately recorded phenotypes for most productive and adaptive traits and, in particular, for difficult-to-measure adaptive traits such as resistance to disease and environmental stressors.

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“…In one exception, selection for weight for age under conditions of moderate to high stress, birth weight decreased while weight at all other ages increased (Frisch, 1981), leading the authors to conclude that selection for growth in a stressful environment did not improve inherent growth potential, but resulted in increased resistance to…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term selection experiment with Afrikaner cattle 3. Selection applied and response in calf growth traits

2009

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________________________________________________________________________________ AbstractA selection and line x environment interaction study with grade Afrikaner cattle was established in 1956 at Matopos Research Station, Zimbabwe. Two selection lines of 100 cows each were reared in different management environments. The non-supplemented (NS) line relied on the range throughout the year and was mated to calve with the onset of the rains (December to February). The supplemented (S) line was offered protein-rich supplements during the dry season and mated to calve prior to the onset of the rains (October to December). In 1976, after approximately two generations of selection, lines were sub-divided into 75 cows each, where one sub-line remained within each environment as a control; the remaining sub-lines were interchanged between environments. Bulls were selected on weaning weight within control lines, while replacement heifers were selected on weight at mating within sub-line. Data recorded over approximately six generations of selection (40 years) were analyzed. The average age of sires and dams at the time of birth of their progeny was 5.9 and 7.5 years respectively in the pre-crossover phase and was reduced to 4.4 and 6.5 years respectively in the post-crossover phase. The rate of inbreeding across lines and environments was 1.2%/generation. The cumulative selection differential trends for both the S and NS lines for adjusted weaning weight plotted against generation number were very low, relatively linear and greater for the S line (0.10 s.d./year) compared with the NS line (0.08 s.d./year). Direct and correlated responses were uniformly low, approximating 1% of the trait mean per generation, and indicating that considerable attention was given to secondary characters. These results concur with general findings of effective direct and correlated responses of weight traits to individual selection. ________________________________________________________________________________

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Changes occurring in cattle as a consequence of selection for growth rate in a stressful environment

Cited by 66 publications

References 26 publications

Selection for breed-specific growth hormone and IGF-I alleles in a synthetic beef cattle cross, Canchim

Selection for breed-specific growth hormone and IGF-I alleles in a synthetic beef cattle cross, Canchim

Importance of adaptation and genotype × environment interactions in tropical beef breeding systems

Long-term selection experiment with Afrikaner cattle 3. Selection applied and response in calf growth traits

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