Changes induced by dietary energy intake and divergent selection for muscle fat content in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), assessed by transcriptome and proteome analysis of the liver

Abstract

Background: Growing interest is turned to fat storage levels and allocation within body compartments, due to their impact on human health and quality properties of farm animals. Energy intake and genetic background are major determinants of fattening in most animals, including humans. Previous studies have evidenced that fat deposition depends upon balance between various metabolic pathways. Using divergent selection, we obtained rainbow trout with differences in fat allocation between visceral adipose tissue and muscle, and no change in overall body fat content. Transcriptome and proteome analysis were applied to characterize the molecular changes occurring between these two lines when fed a low or a high energy diet. We focused on the liver, center of intermediary metabolism and the main site for lipogenesis in fish, as in humans and most avian species.

Compared to fish oil alone, a corn and fish oil mixture decreases the lipid requirement of a freshwater fish species, Carassius auratus gibelio

“…Hillgartner et al (1996) reported that decreasing the ratio of carbohydrates to fats in the diet inhibited the expression of ACC1 in avian livers. Nonetheless, studies have been observed that increased concentrations of dietary lipid can depress FAS mRNA levels and enzymatic activity in freshwater species, rainbow trout, tilapia Oreochromis niloticus and grass carp (Kolditz et al, 2008;Leng et al, 2012;Wang et al, 2010). In the present study, ACC1 and FAS expressions in the liver were significantly inhibited by higher dietary lipid concentrations.…”

Intramuscular fat content in meat-producing animals: development, genetic and nutritional control, and identification of putative markers

“…Examples are given in chickens in which two lines divergently selected for abdominal fat level (1.4% v. 3.93%, Berri et al, 2005) did not display any differences in IMF level in thigh and breast muscles (Ricard et al, 1983;Berri et al, 2005). Another example is the divergent selection for IMF content in trout that lead to a lean muscle line with IMF lower than 5% and a fatty muscle line with IMF up to 10% without any significant difference in whole body fat content (Kolditz et al, 2008).…”

“…The global nature of genomics technology could be then an advantage for elucidating the complex physiological control of IMF fat content, which is likely mediated through multiple biochemical and molecular mechanisms in both adipocytes and myofibres. Differential-display reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (ddRT-PCR; Sasaki et al, 2006;Lee et al, 2007), microarrays (Wang et al, 2005aand 2005b, Kolditz et al, 2008Liu et al, 2009) eventually using musclededicated (Sudre et al, 2005) or fat-enriched arrays (Lehnert et al, 2006) and proteomics (Kolditz et al, 2008;Liu et al, 2009) have been recently used in muscles of livestock animals and fishes to examine gene and protein expressions at different developmental stages during fattening period, between two breeds or two selected lines with a different propensity to accumulate IMF fat, and (or) between individuals with contrasting levels for this trait. In some studies, it cannot be excluded that the differences seen in gene expressions are due to breed characteristics rather than to variations in IMF per se.…”

“…A recent combination of transcriptome and proteome analyses (Kolditz et al, 2008) of the liver of the two rainbow trout lines selected for IMF revealed that major changes induced by the selection procedure were not only related to lipid metabolism. Besides changes in abundance of markers of lipid synthesis and transport, such as H-FABP, G3PDH and 6-PGD, most of the alterations induced by the divergent selection for IMF occurred in protein and amino-acid metabolism.…”

Acyl-CoA Binding Protein (ACBP) Encoding Gene the Relationship Between Expression Analysis and Different Conditions in Onychostoma Macrolepis

“…Recently, bacterial challenge implicated that ACBP may have a relationship between regulator of immune and Infection responses in shrimp intestine [5]. However, in rainbow trout, ACBP could be used as markers to prevent excess muscle fat accumulation [17]. Our datas show that ACBP is essential to all organizations, recently, the Oma-ACBP mRNA is highly expressed in intestine, this may indicate that mRNA expression of ACBP is up regulated to adjust to intensity of fat metabolism in intestine.…”