Changes in whole saliva in patients with coeliac disease

Lenander-Lumikari, M.; Ihalin, Riikka; Lähteenoja, Hannu

doi:10.1016/s0003-9969(00)00008-x

Cited by 31 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Therefore, the two groups concluded that saliva cannot be considered as a valid screening tool for CD. Salivary IgA, which are the immunoglobulins most represented in normal whole saliva, 39 are significantly higher in patients with CD with respect to healthy controls, but their concentration is about 10 times lower than in serum. We found that, in order to evaluate IgA anti-tTG presence, the optimal saliva volume to be used in our assay is 15 times more with respect to the volume used in the serum RIA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Tissue transglutaminase autoantibody detection in human saliva: a powerful method for celiac disease screening

Bonamico

Ferri

Nenna

et al. 2004

The Journal of Pediatrics

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Objective To test the possibility of detecting tissue transglutaminase autoantibodies (tTG-Abs) in saliva with a novel sensitive fluid-phase radioimmunoassay (RIA).Study design Paired saliva and serum samples from 39 patients with celiac disease (CD), at the first biopsy (Group 1: 28 females, mean age 11.5 ± 11.1 years); 32 controls with a normal duodenal mucosa (Group 2: 18 females, mean age 8.1 ± 3.6 years); and 32 healthy volunteers (Group 3: 21 females, mean age 31.7 ± 9.8 years) were studied for tTG-Ab presence. Limit of positivity for salivary assay was calculated according to the 99th percentiles of Group 2 control children and was expressed as an autoantibody (Ab) index.Results Salivary tTG-Abs were found in 97.4% of the patients with CD and in 100% of the corresponding serum samples. All Group 3 subjects were negative with both saliva and serum assays. A correlation between saliva and serum tTG-Ab titers was found (r = 0.826, P = .0014).Conclusions This study demonstrates that it is possible to detect salivary tTG-Abs in CD with a non-invasive, simple to perform, reproducible and sensitive method. (J Pediatr 2004;144:632-6) C eliac disease (CD) may appear in a classic presentation, with gastrointestinal complaints and growth failure or with extraintestinal manifestations and ''atypical forms'' 1 characterized by anemia and short stature, 2,3 or with a silent form, more frequent in first-degree relatives of patients with CD. 4 The prevalence of CD is increased in subjects with elevated aminotransferase levels, 5,6 autoimmune diseases, 7,8 and chromosomal aberrations. 9,10 Complications of long-standing CD may include osteopathy, 11 endocrinopathy, 12 infertility, low birth weight infants, 13,14 cancer, 15 and dilated cardiomyopathy and other forms of heart failure. 16 CD has a high prevalence in the general population (0.55% in Italy), often in an asymptomatic form. 17 To reduce the risks associated with prolonged gluten exposure, CD should be diagnosed early, on the basis of the result of one or more intestinal biopsies. 18 Patients with CD receiving a gluten-containing diet have increased levels of anti-gliadin (AGA), anti-endomysium (EMA), 19 and anti-tissue transglutaminase autoantibodies (anti-tTG-Ab). 20 Serum AGA have proved to be effective in the identification of children at risk for CD, but less so in adult screening. 21 EMA are more specific than AGA but are observer-dependent, and sometimes they are not found in children with CD younger than aged 2 years. 19 The recent identification of tTG as the main autoantigen recognized by EMA 22 has lead to the development of various studies that suggest an important role for this enzyme in the etiopathogenesis of CD. 23,24 Several methods have been proposed for the detection of humoral anti-tTG immunoreactivity in CD. 20,[25][26][27] The most sensitive assays to detect tTG-Abs were those using human recombinant tTG in a fluid-phase radioimmunoassay (RIA) format. 26,27 Attempts have been made in assaying CD-related Ab in saliva, [28][29][30][31][32][...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Tissue transglutaminase autoantibody detection in human saliva: a powerful method for celiac disease screening

Bonamico

Ferri

Nenna

et al. 2004

The Journal of Pediatrics

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“…Moreover, alterations of the oral ecosystem and of the saliva composition seem to be determined by CD (2,5,6). Compared to healthy subjects, the saliva of CD patients contains small amounts of amylase and secretory IgA and IgM (7,8) and has low buffering capacity, speed of salivary flow, concentration of calcium, and Ca/P ratios (5,9).…”

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confidence: 99%

Salivary Microbiota and Metabolome Associated with Celiac Disease

Francavilla

Ercolini

Piccolo

et al. 2014

Appl Environ Microbiol

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e This study aimed to investigate the salivary microbiota and metabolome of 13 children with celiac disease (CD) under a glutenfree diet (treated celiac disease [T-CD]). The same number of healthy children (HC) was used as controls. The salivary microbiota was analyzed by an integrated approach using culture-dependent and -independent methods. Metabolome analysis was carried out by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-solid-phase microextraction. Compared to HC, the number of some cultivable bacterial groups (e.g., total anaerobes) significantly (P < 0.05) differed in the saliva samples of the T-CD children. As shown by community-level catabolic profiles, the highest Shannon's diversity and substrate richness were found in HC. Pyrosequencing data showed the highest richness estimator and diversity index values for HC. Levels of Lachnospiraceae, Gemellaceae, and Streptococcus sanguinis were highest for the T-CD children. Streptococcus thermophilus levels were markedly decreased in T-CD children. The saliva of T-CD children showed the largest amount of Bacteroidetes (e.g., Porphyromonas sp., Porphyromonas endodontalis, and Prevotella nanceiensis), together with the smallest amount of Actinobacteria. T-CD children were also characterized by decreased levels of some Actinomyces species, Atopobium species, and Corynebacterium durum. Rothia mucilaginosa was the only Actinobacteria species found at the highest level in T-CD children. As shown by multivariate statistical analyses, the levels of organic volatile compounds markedly differentiated T-CD children. Some compounds (e.g., ethyl-acetate, nonanal, and 2-hexanone) were found to be associated with T-CD children. Correlations (false discovery rate [FDR], <0.05) were found between the relative abundances of bacteria and some volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The findings of this study indicated that CD is associated with oral dysbiosis that could affect the oral metabolome.

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“…All patients were instructed not to eat, drink or smoke during the one hour preceding the collections. The samples of saliva were centrifuged at 16,000 g at 4ºC for 10 minutes and aliquot quantities were stored at −70ºC until biochemical analysis took place 9,16 .…”

Section: Collection Of the Salivamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Along with alterations of the signs and symptoms present in these patients due to radiotherapy, biochemical alterations occurred in their saliva 1,9,16 . The buffer capacity evaluation has great importance to oral health.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical and biochemical evaluation of the saliva of patients with xerostomia induced by radiotherapy

2004

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Clinical aspects and biochemical properties in the saliva of 21 patients prior to and following radiotherapy for head and neck cancer were evaluated (experimental group) and compared with the same properties in a control group of 21 subjects free of cancer. Salivary flow was evaluated by measuring the time necessary, in seconds, for the output of 2 ml of stimulated saliva; and the buffering capacity changes were determined using a simple colorimetric method. Total salivary protein concentration was determined by the Bradford4 method. Amylase activity was measured by reducing sugars released from a soluble starch substrate, quantified by the dinitrosalicylic method. The electrophoretic profile was evaluated in polyacrylamid gel (12% SDS-PAGE) using samples of 5 mg of salivary protein. A statistically significant reduction (p < 0.01) of the salivary flow was observed, (162.47 s ± 28.30 before and 568.71 s ± 79.75 after irradiation), as well as a reduction in the salivary buffering capacity (pH 5.45 ± 0.14 before and pH 4.40 ± 0.15 after irradiation). No statistically significant alteration was observed in total salivary protein concentration. A statistically significant reduction (p < 0.01) of salivary a-amylase activity (856.6 ng/mg ± 88.0 before and 567.0 ng/mg ± 120.6 after irradiation) was observed. Electrophoretic profile differences in salivary protein bands were also observed after radiotherapy, mainly in the range of molecular weight of 72,000 to 55,000 Daltons. Clinically, patients presenting xerostomia induced by radiotherapy presented an increase in oral tissue injury.

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Changes in whole saliva in patients with coeliac disease

Cited by 31 publications

References 36 publications

Tissue transglutaminase autoantibody detection in human saliva: a powerful method for celiac disease screening

Tissue transglutaminase autoantibody detection in human saliva: a powerful method for celiac disease screening

Salivary Microbiota and Metabolome Associated with Celiac Disease

Clinical and biochemical evaluation of the saliva of patients with xerostomia induced by radiotherapy

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