Changes in weather and climate extremes: State of knowledge relevant to air and water quality in the United States

Peterson, Thomas C.; Karl, Thomas R.; Kossin, James P.; Kunkel, Kenneth E.; Lawrimore, J. H.; McMahon, James; Vose, Russell S.; Yin, Xungang

doi:10.1080/10962247.2013.851044

Cited by 54 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 102 publications

(102 reference statements)

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“…There have not yet been any detected global trends in TC rainfall rates. 188 Chang et al 52 examined a multidecadal trend in rainfall from TCs affecting Taiwan. They found that the observed increases arose from relatively weaker typhoons and could largely be attributed to an increase in slow-moving systems.…”

Section: Tc Rainfall and Other Impactsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tropical cyclones and climate change

Walsh

McBride

Klotzbach

et al. 2015

WIREs Climate Change

Self Cite

536

435

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Recent research has strengthened the understanding of the links between climate and tropical cyclones (TCs) on various timescales. Geological records of past climates have shown century‐long variations in TC numbers. While no significant trends have been identified in the Atlantic since the late 19th century, significant observed trends in TC numbers and intensities have occurred in this basin over the past few decades, and trends in other basins are increasingly being identified. However, understanding of the causes of these trends is incomplete, and confidence in these trends continues to be hampered by a lack of consistent observations in some basins. A theoretical basis for maximum TC intensity appears now to be well established, but a climate theory of TC formation remains elusive. Climate models mostly continue to predict future decreases in global TC numbers, projected increases in the intensities of the strongest storms and increased rainfall rates. Sea level rise will likely contribute toward increased storm surge risk. Against the background of global climate change and sea level rise, it is important to carry out quantitative assessments on the potential risk of TC‐induced storm surge and flooding to densely populated cities and river deltas. Several climate models are now able to generate a good distribution of both TC numbers and intensities in the current climate. Inconsistent TC projection results emerge from modeling studies due to different downscaling methodologies and warming scenarios, inconsistencies in projected changes of large‐scale conditions, and differences in model physics and tracking algorithms. WIREs Clim Change 2016, 7:65–89. doi: 10.1002/wcc.371 This article is categorized under: Paleoclimates and Current Trends > Earth System Behavior

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Section: Tc Rainfall and Other Impactsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tropical cyclones and climate change

Walsh

McBride

Klotzbach

et al. 2015

WIREs Climate Change

Self Cite

536

435

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“…Winter conditions are cooler, with occasional freezing and isolated snow or ice storms inland, but generally milder conditions along the northern coast of the Gulf of Mexico. The region also is known for its extreme weather conditions where drought occurs, tornadoes develop in large convective systems in summer and early fall, and tropical storms from the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico penetrate inland on occasion (e.g., Peterson et al, 2014). Extended summer periods of light winds and air mass stagnation are prevalent, leading to accumulation of pollution (e.g., McNider et al, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical climatology of the southeastern United States, 1999–2013

Hidy¹,

Blanchard²,

et al. 2014

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Abstract. A series of experiments (the Southern Oxidant and Aerosol Study – SOAS) took place in central Alabama in June–July, 2013 as part of the broader Southern Atmosphere Study (SAS). These projects were aimed at studying oxidant photochemistry and formation and impacts of aerosols at a detailed process level in a location where high biogenic organic vapor emissions interact with anthropogenic emissions, and the atmospheric chemistry occurs in a subtropical climate in North America. The majority of the ground-based experiments were located at the Southeastern Aerosol Research and Characterization (SEARCH) Centreville (CTR) site near Brent, Alabama, where extensive, unique aerometric measurements of trace gases and particles and meteorology were made beginning in the early 1990s through 2013. The SEARCH network data permits a characterization of the temporal and spatial context of the SOAS findings. Our earlier analyses of emissions and air quality trends are extended through 2013 to provide a perspective for continued decline in ambient concentrations, and the implications of these changes to regional sulfur oxide, nitrogen–ozone, and carbon chemistry. The narrative supports the SAS program in terms of long-term average chemistry (chemical climatology) and short-term comparisons of early summer average spatial variability across the southeastern US at high temporal (hourly) resolution. The long-term measurements show that the SOAS experiments took place during the second wettest and coolest year in the 2000–2013 period, with lower than average solar radiation. The pollution levels at CTR and other SEARCH sites were the lowest since full measurements began in 1999. Changes in anthropogenic gas and particle emissions between 1999 and 2013 account for the decline in pollutant concentrations at the monitoring sites in the region. The data provide an opportunity to contrast SOAS results with temporally and spatially variable conditions in support of the development of tests for the robustness of SOAS findings.

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“…2007). By markedly altering chemical (eg pH) and physical (eg temperature) parameters of aquatic ecosystems (Peterson et al . 2014), extreme events may also have far‐reaching effects.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Does hormesis foster organism resistance to extreme events?

Costantini

2014

Frontiers in Ecol & Environ

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Changes in weather and climate extremes: State of knowledge relevant to air and water quality in the United States

Cited by 54 publications

References 102 publications

Tropical cyclones and climate change

Tropical cyclones and climate change

Chemical climatology of the southeastern United States, 1999–2013

Does hormesis foster organism resistance to extreme events?

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