Changes in Water Sorption and Solubility of Dental Adhesive Systems after Cigarette Smoke

Abstract

Aim. To evaluate the effect of cigarette smoke on water sorption and solubility of four adhesive systems. Materials and Methods. Sixteen disks of each adhesive system were prepared (Adper Scotchbond Multipurpose Adhesive (SA); Adper Scotchbond Multipurpose Adhesive System (Adhesive + Primer) (SAP); Adper Single Bond Plus (SB); Adper Easy One (EO)). Specimens were desiccated until a constant mass was obtained and divided into two groups (n = 8). One-half of the specimens were immersed in deionized water, while the other half were also immersed, but with daily exposure to tobacco smoke. After 21 days, disks were measured again and stored in desiccators until constant mass was achieved. Data were calculated according to ISO specifications and statistically analyzed. Results. The tobacco smoke only significantly affected the water sorption and solubility of EO. There were significant differences in both analyses among materials tested. The SB exhibited the highest water sorption, followed by EO, which demonstrated significantly higher solubility values than SB. The SA and SAP showed low water sorption and solubility, and there were no significant differences between the two. Conclusion. Regardless of smoke exposure, both simplified adhesive systems presented an inferior performance that could be related to the complex mixture of components in such versions.

Effect of air-polishing on properties of nanocomposite submitted to coffee, red wine and cigarette smoke

“…In this study, the exposure to cigarette smoke was also able to increase the surface roughness and staining of composite resin, in agreement with other studies that have shown the smoke can influence on chemical and mechanical properties of resinous materials 13,17,25,30 .The surface roughness showed by the composite resin exposed to cigarette smoke did not differ from other groups, regardless of the presence of SBAP. The roughness changes of resin exposed to smoke can be attributed to combustion process of organic matter present in tobacco, resulting in presence of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, among other harmful substances besides the increase of temperature 13,31 .…”

“…The roughness changes of resin exposed to smoke can be attributed to combustion process of organic matter present in tobacco, resulting in presence of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, among other harmful substances besides the increase of temperature 13,31 . Furthermore, an acidic pH solution can be produced by mixing water contained in saliva and cigarette components as carbon dioxide, promoting damage to resin surface integrity 32 .These factors can compromise the organic matrix stability, causing superficial degradation of material.…”

“…This system releases air jet, water and sodium bicarbonate particles that have the size by 250µm, and they may cause loss of resin surface smoothness, therefore they favor the staining and degradation of restorations 10,12 . On the other hand, studies have reported that the abrasiveness from air-polishing can be used as strategy to reduce dental and material surface staining 11,12 , due to the ability of SBAP to remove waste substances containing dyes from food, drinks and cigarette smoke 13,14 .…”

“…The high roughness found in the SBAP group followed by exposure to cigarette smoke can result in sites that favor the deposition of particles containing brown pigments, as nicotine and tobacco-specific nitrosamines ranging from 0.1 to 1.0 m in diameter, on resin surface, altering significantly the color of composite 13,30 . On the other hand, the previous use of SBAP did not alter the color of other groups tested.…”

Mass change of a sodium bicarbonate air-polished nanocomposite exposed to cigarette smoke, coffee, and red wine

“…Additionally, Vitoria et al 21 demonstrated that cigarette smoke enhances the diffusion dynamics of adhesive system liquids by reducing their physical properties.…”