Changes in Vegetation Composition and Soil Acidity between 1922 and 1985 at a Site on the North Shore of Long Island, New York

The Effects of Urbanization and Human Disturbance Upon Plant Community Structure and Bird Species Richness, Diversity, and Abundance in a Natural Forested Area (Forest Park) in Portland, Oregon

“…Introduced species often have no naturally occurring predators or parasites that could slow their growth and expansion. The result is often rapid overpopulation of exotic species at the expense of native flora and fauna (Bagnall 1979;Cole and Landres 1996;Greller et al 1990;5 Harris 1984;Kowarik 1990;Liebhold et al 1995;Moran 1984;Sukopp 1990 League" to remove ivy and to help educate the public about its impact. In addition to its inevitable negative impact on the native herbaceous plant community, ivy is also believed to have a negative impact on the trees upon which it grows.…”

“…Some investigators found that forests resulting from clearcuts or burns appear to be very similar to pre-disturbance forests (Glitzenstein et al 1990;Leak and Smith 1996;Weaver and Kellman 1981;White et al 1990), whereas others have reported that present day regrown mature forests represent very different communities from pre-settlement forests Dzwonko and Lester 1989;Fralish et al 1991;Greller et al 1990;Nowacki and Abrams 1992;Palik and Pregitzer 1992;Peterken and Game 1984;RudnickY' and McDonnell 1989;Sachse et al 1990;Seidling 1990;Yost et al 1991). Both fire management Fralish et al 1991;Nowacki and Abrams 1992;Palik and Pregitzer 1992) and the introduction of exotic species (Greller et al 1990;Sachse et al 1990;Seidling 1990;Yost et al 1991) have been implicated as reasons for differences in forest structure. Other causes proposed include the effects of trampling, predation, and pollution (Kubikova 1990;Rudnicky and McDonnell 1989).…”

“…As urbanization increases, frequently accompanied by increased fragmentation of the existing forest, the number of native species decreases, whereas the number of exotic species increases (Bagnall 1979;Becher and Brandes 1985;Greller et al 1990;Johnson et al 1981;Kowarik 1990;Levenson 1981;Moran 1984;Seidling 1990;Sukopp 1990;Yost et al 1991;Zacharias and Brandes 1990;Zipperer et al 1990). …”

“…All dependent variables that were significant by multiple regression were analyzed further by analysis of variance (ANOV A) using section of the park as a nominal variable (Steel and Torrie 1960 Agee 1991;Dale and Doyle 1987;Fain et al, 1994;Fralish et al, 1991;Glitzenstein et al 1990;Greller et al 1990;Gutte 1990;Kowarik 1990;Levenson 1981;McBride and Jacobs 1986;Nowacki and Abrams 1992;Palik and Pregitzer 1992;Peart et al 1992;Peterken and Game 1984;Peterken and Jones 1989;Rudnicky and McDonnell 1989;Sharp et al 1986;Sukopp 1972;Weaver and Kellman 1981;White et al 1990;Whitney 1986;Yost et al 1991;Zipperer et al 1990). Some investigators found that forests resulting from clearcuts or burns appear to be very similar to pre-disturbance forests (Glitzenstein et al 1990;Leak and Smith 1996;Weaver and Kellman 1981;White et al 1990), whereas others have reported that present day regrown mature forests represent very different communities from pre-settlement forests Dzwonko and Lester 1989;Fralish et al 1991;Greller et al 1990;Nowacki and Abrams 1992;Palik and Pregitzer 1992;Peterken and Game 1984;RudnickY' and McDonnell 1989;Sachse et al 1990;…”

Phytosociological studies on natural establishment of vegetation in an unreclaimed limestone mining

“…Their advantages are: defined boundaries, low density, limited competition and known history (Bradshaw, 1983). In despite continued attempts at artificial revegetation, little is known about the processes that accompany result natural revegetation of mined sites with pioneer plants, which represent a important knowledge about reclamation of the mining (Roberts et al 1981;Kimmerer, 1984;Greller et al, 1990;Dias et al 1994;Gisler, 1995). There are no studies from the phytosociological angle, particularly in tropical region (Simões et al, 1978;Griffith, 1980;Porto, 1989;Motta Netto et al, 1994).…”