Changes in urinary nanocrystallites in calcium oxalate stone formers before and after potassium citrate intake

Abstract

Abstract:The property changes of urinary nanocrystallites in 13 patients with calcium oxalate (CaOx) stones were studied before and after ingestion of potassium citrate (K 3 cit), a therapeutic drug for stones. The analytical techniques included nanoparticle size analysis, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The studied properties included the components, morphologies, zeta potentials, particle size distributions, light intensity autocorrelation curves, and polydispersity indices (PDIs) of the nanocrystallites. The main components of the urinary nanocrystallites before K 3 cit intake included uric acid, β-calcium phosphate, and calcium oxalate monohydrate. After K 3 cit intake, the quantities, species, and percentages of aggregated crystals decreased, whereas the percentages of monosodium urate and calcium oxalate dehydrate increased, and some crystallites became blunt. Moreover, the urinary pH increased from 5.96 ± 0.43 to 6.46 ± 0.50, the crystallite size decreased from 524 ± 320 nm to 354 ± 173 nm, and the zeta potential decreased from −4.85 ± 2.87 mV to −8.77 ± 3.03 mV. The autocorrelation curves became smooth, the decay time decreased from 11.4 ± 3.2 ms to 4.3 ± 1.7 ms, and the PDI decreased from 0.67 ± 0.14 to 0.53 ± 0.19. These changes helped inhibit CaOx calculus formation.

In Vitro Studies Reveal Antiurolithic Effect of Antioxidant Sulfated Polysaccharides from the Green Seaweed Caulerpa cupressoides var flabellata

“…Thus, the morphological characteristic assumed by COM crystals after incubation with C. cupressoides SPs is advantageous, as, by leaving the edges of their faces with a slight angle (rounded), the possible interaction of these crystals in renal epithelium could be decreased, which would consequently favor their passage in the urinary tract, thus reducing the formation of kidney stones. In agreement with our hypothesis, studies analyzing CaOx crystals in the urine of lithogenic patients verified that the COM crystals had edges and tips with sharp angles and concluded that these are important factors for the anchorage of these crystals in the renal epithelium [30,33].…”

Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis for the Enumeration and Characterization of Mineralo-Organic Nanoparticles in Feline Urine

“…Moreover, the submicron particle identified with electron microscopy lack the characteristic cup shape of exosomes. Further, the increase in size was inhibited by the addition of the chelator citrate, which has also been reported to help inhibit urinary crystallite deposition and CaOx stone formation[37]. …”

Effects of Calcium Oxalate on Expression of Clusterin and Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Prostatitis and Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Patients with Calculi

“…It is reported that calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) is involved in hyperoxaluria, while calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD) is related to hypercalciuria [9]. The CaOx formation process comprises nucleation, development, clustering, and cell adhesion [10,11]. CaOx stones frequently possess a core-shell structure.…”