Changes in Total Nitrogen Content of Some Abdominal Viscera in Fasting and Realimentation

Ju, Jin Soon; Nasset, E. S.

doi:10.1093/jn/68.4.633

Cited by 59 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Although a significant positive correlation has been demonstrated between pancreatic enzyme output and the serum albumin concentration in protein-calorie malnutrition (28), serum protein concentrations in diabetic rats were only slightly decreased. Fasting rats for 48 h failed to mimic the effects of diabetes even though leading to considerable loss of body weight and a decrease in the nitrogen content of the pancreas (29). In any case, the lack of body weight gain in diabetes was secondary to insulin deficiency as it could be reversed by insulin administration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Effect of Diabetes Mellitus on the Regulation of Enzyme Secretion by Isolated Rat Pancreatic Acini

Ōtsuki¹,

Williams²

1982

J. Clin. Invest.

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A B S T R A C T The nature and mechanism of the pancreatic exocrine dysfunction in diabetes mellitus were evaluated in vitro using isolated pancreatic acini prepared from streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The content of amylase and ribonuclease in diabetic acini was -0.5 and 50% of the normal content, respectively. Further, reduced amounts of both enzymes were secreted by diabetic acini in response to both cholecystokinin (CCK) and carbamylcholine. However, when enzyme secretion was normalized relative to initial acinar contents, both normal and diabetic acini released enzymes at a comparable maximal rate. The time course of the release of these enzymes, and newly synthesized protein were similar in both acini. In normal acini, the effect of CCK was maximal at a concentration of 100 pM; higher concentrations led to submaximal enzyme release. The dose-response curve in diabetic acini was similarly shaped, but shifted threefold towards higher concentration. The mobilization of cellular Ca2" in response to CCK was also shifted.In contrast to these results with CCK, the dose-response curve to carbamylcholine was unaltered by diabetes. The observed effects were confirmed to be due to insulin deficiency and not due to direct toxic effect of streptozotocin on acinar cells or malnutrition. Streptozotocin had no acute effect on acini when measured 24 h after administration, and alloxan, another beta cell toxin, induced similar changes in acinar enzyme content and secretory response. Moreover, the administration of exogenous insulin to diabetic rats returned the content of pancreatic amylase and the secretory

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Effect of Diabetes Mellitus on the Regulation of Enzyme Secretion by Isolated Rat Pancreatic Acini

Ōtsuki¹,

Williams²

1982

J. Clin. Invest.

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“…Almost a complete day was required before the complex of gut filling, transport and absorption was able to meet, equal and overcome the endogenous drain imposed by fasting. Ivy (1958) and Ju & Nasset (1959) have shown that, of the gastro-intestinal tract, only the major directly absorbing part, the small intestine, gained weight and nitrogen on the first day of refeeding after a 48-hr fast.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The total metabolism of rats during fasting and refeeding

Cumming¹,

Morrison²

1960

The Journal of Physiology

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It is well known that the total energy metabolism of animals falls during fasting (e.g. Tigerstedt, 1910;Lusk, 1931). On the other hand, the available data demonstrate much disagreement on the extent of the change in either the total or the basal metabolic rate (M.R. and B.M.R.) during fasting.If an animal is starved for a period it loses weight, and its metabolism can be expected to fall by an amount corresponding to (but not necessarily proportional to) the decrement of active body tissue. Where the total metabolism is measured, the fact that the animal is deprived of food reduces its heat production also by reducing its activity and the heat increment due to obtaining, eating, digesting and metabolizing food. While, however, the energy cost of eating is largely eliminated in complete deprivation of food (although refection and rumination may continue in some animals), the other components of the heat increment of feeding are not completely eliminated and may, in certain circumstances, increase. The question arises, therefore, whether the fall in total energy expenditure during fasting can be entirely accountedfor by the changes in metabolizing mass and foodintake, orwhether there is also a component accountable to fasting qua fasting; i.e. whether there is a true change in metabolic rate when changes in bodyweight and in' supra-basal 'energy costs are included in the reckoning.The analysis of this type of problem is always complicated by difficulty in taking body size into account. Body size is most conveniently measured as body weight, and that has been used in this work. Many other measures of body size have been suggested as reference bases for metabolic rate, but they have never been shown to be applicable to total metabolism. When body weight, or any function of body weight, is used as a measure of body size, then, if the decrease of each of the chemical components of body weight is in proportion to the corresponding concentration of each component in the normally fed animal, it would be reasonable to expect the decrements of body weight and of metabolizing potential to be proportional. If, however, the components alter in different proportions, then it is not strictly legitimate to equate the fall in metabolizing mass with fall in body weight. It is apparent that any resultant change in the manifest 15 PHYSIO. CLIV

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“…The endogenous protein is derived from gastric, pancreatic, and intestinal secretions and from cell desquamation (12). During protein deficiency the endogenous protein is reduced (30,31) because of decreased pancreatic enzyme secretion (32) and decreased gastrointestinal cell turnover rate (6 Our findings demonstrate that the intestinal cell utilizes amino acids absorbed from the lumen to a greater degree than those supplied by a systemic route. The difference between the jejunal and ileal morphology in animals fed a protein-free diet might be directly related to this finding.…”

Section: First Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 84%

Protein starvation and the small intestine

Hirschfield¹,

Kern²

1969

J. Clin. Invest.

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A B ST RA CT Weanling rats were fed diets which contained either no protein or 27% protein. In one experiment after 23-35 days both groups were given l-leucine-4,5-3H either intragastrically or intraperitoneally and then sacrificed 24 hr later. In a second experiment animals were given these diets for 21 days and sacrificed 3, 6, or 12 hr after either intragastric or intraperitoneal administration of the labeled leucine. In both experiments the intestinal mucosa of proximal and distal segments of the small intestine was scraped, weighed, the protein concentration measured, and the specific activty of the mucosal protein was determined.The wet weight of the mucosa and the protein concentration of the mucosa were significantly greater in the control animals than in the protein-depleted animals. The mucosal protein per 100 g of body weight was the same in the protein-deprived and the control groups. The specific activity of the intestinal mucosal protein was higer in the protein-deprived animals than in the control animals.In the protein-deprived animals the proximal segment incorporated more radioactive amino acid into mucosal protein than did the distal segment at 3, 6, 12, and 24 hr after the amino acid was given by mouth. A similar difference was found between the proximal and distal segments of the control animals 6 hr after oral adminisstration of l-leucine-'H. On the other hand, when the l-leucine-3H was given intraperitoneally to both groups

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Changes in Total Nitrogen Content of Some Abdominal Viscera in Fasting and Realimentation

Cited by 59 publications

References 5 publications

Effect of Diabetes Mellitus on the Regulation of Enzyme Secretion by Isolated Rat Pancreatic Acini

Effect of Diabetes Mellitus on the Regulation of Enzyme Secretion by Isolated Rat Pancreatic Acini

The total metabolism of rats during fasting and refeeding

Protein starvation and the small intestine

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