Changes in tibial bone microarchitecture in female recruits in response to 8 weeks of U.S. Army Basic Combat Training

Hughes, Julie M.; Gaffney‐Stomberg, Erin; Guerriere, Katelyn I.; Taylor, Kathryn M.; Popp, Kristin L.; Xu, Chun Hua; Unnikrishnan, Ginu; Staab, Jeffery S.; Matheny, Ronald W.; McClung, James P.; Reifman, Jaques; Bouxsein, Mary L.

doi:10.1016/j.bone.2018.04.021

Cited by 58 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Numerous studies have confirmed the effects of physical activity on bone mineral content and density, dimensions and strength during childhood and adolescence for those engaged in other sports, such as gymnastics (62), as well as non-competitive weightbearing physical activity (46,63,64). Even in young adulthood, the benefits of weight-bearing physical activity on increasing or sustaining bone strength have been documented (65)(66)(67).…”

Section: Physical Activitymentioning

confidence: 94%

Evolutionary Perspectives on the Developing Skeleton and Implications for Lifelong Health

Kralick

Zemel

2020

Front. Endocrinol.

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Osteoporosis is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in contemporary populations. This common disease of aging results from a state of bone fragility that occurs with low bone mass and loss of bone quality. Osteoporosis is thought to have origins in childhood. During growth and development, there are rapid gains in bone dimensions, mass, and strength. Peak bone mass is attained in young adulthood, well after the cessation of linear growth, and is a major determinant of osteoporosis later in life. Here we discuss the evolutionary implications of osteoporosis as a disease with developmental origins that is shaped by the interaction among genes, behavior, health status, and the environment during the attainment of peak bone mass. Studies of contemporary populations show that growth, body composition, sexual maturation, physical activity, nutritional status, and dietary intake are determinants of childhood bone accretion, and provide context for interpreting bone strength and osteoporosis in skeletal populations. Studies of skeletal populations demonstrate the role of subsistence strategies, social context, and occupation in the development of skeletal strength. Comparisons of contemporary living populations and archeological skeletal populations suggest declines in bone density and strength that have been occurring since the Pleistocene. Aspects of western lifestyles carry implications for optimal peak bone mass attainment and lifelong skeletal health, from increased longevity to circumstances during development such as obesity and sedentism. In light of these considerations, osteoporosis is a disease of contemporary human evolution and evolutionary perspectives provide a key lens for interpreting the changing global patterns of osteoporosis in human health.

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Section: Physical Activitymentioning

confidence: 94%

Evolutionary Perspectives on the Developing Skeleton and Implications for Lifelong Health

Kralick

Zemel

2020

Front. Endocrinol.

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“…Previous studies have shown that the sudden onset of these activities over a relatively brief period increases the bone density of the tibia [8,9]. Our recent study of cross-sectional changes of the ultradistal tibia in female recruits who underwent BCT also showed increases in bone density and microarchitecture indicative of new bone formation [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…We previously performed cross-sectional analyses of HR-pQCT scans acquired from the ultradistal tibia of female recruits before and after 8 weeks of BCT, and found significant changes in bone density and microarchitectural parameters [10]. In this study, we performed regional analyses on the same cohort, by dividing the cross section of the bone into four sectors-lateral, posterior, medial, and anteriorand quantifying the changes in bone parameters due to BCT.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We used data from a previously reported study to determine the regional changes in bone density and microarchitectural parameters following BCT [10]. Briefly, between the months of April and June 2015, we enrolled 99 female U.S. Army recruits from Fort Jackson, SC, as volunteers for the study.…”

Section: Study Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this study, we extended our previous cross-sectional HR-pQCT analyses of the ultradistal tibia in female recruits who underwent 8 weeks of BCT [10], and performed regional analyses by dividing the cross section into four sectors (lateral, posterior, medial, and anterior). Specifically, we quantified regional changes in bone density and microarchitectural parameters following BCT.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Regional Changes in Density and Microarchitecture in the Ultradistal Tibia of Female Recruits After U.S. Army Basic Combat Training

Sundaramurthy

Hughes

et al. 2019

Calcif Tissue Int

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Musculoskeletal injuries, such as stress fracture, are responsible for over 10-million lost-duty days among U.S. Army Soldiers. During Basic Combat Training (BCT), an 8-to 10-week program that transforms civilians into Soldiers, women are four times more likely than men to sustain a stress fracture. In this work, we performed high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography scans on the ultradistal tibia of 90 female recruits [age = 21.5 ± 3.3 (mean ± standard deviation) years] before the start of BCT and after 8 weeks into BCT. Then, we divided the scanned bone volume into four sectors-lateral, posterior, medial, and anterior-and computed the bone density and microarchitectural parameters in each of the four sectors pre-and post-BCT. We used linear mixed models to estimate the mean difference for bone density and microarchitectural parameters, while controlling for age, race, and pre-BCT body mass index. Our results revealed that the total volumetric bone mineral density, trabecular volumetric bone mineral density, and trabecular thickness increased (p < 0.05) in each of the four sectors. In addition, cortical thickness and trabecular bone volume/total volume increased in both medial and posterior sectors (p < 0.05). Overall, six and five out of nine parameters improved in the medial and posterior sectors, respectively, after BCT. In conclusion, the heightened physical activity during BCT led to the most beneficial bone adaptation in the medial and posterior sectors of the ultradistal tibia, which is indicative of higher loading in these sectors during activities performed in the course of BCT.

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Trabecular bone structure of the proximal capitate in extant hominids and fossil hominins with implications for midcarpal joint loading and the dart‐thrower's motion

Bird

Kivell

Dunmore

et al. 2023

American Journal of Biological Anthropology

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ObjectivesThis research examines whether the distribution of trabecular bone in the proximal capitates of extant hominids, as well as several fossil hominin taxa, is associated with the oblique path of the midcarpal joint known as the dart‐thrower's motion (DTM).Materials and MethodsWe analyzed proximal capitates from extant (Pongo n = 12; Gorilla n = 11; Pan n = 10; fossil and recent Homo sapiens n = 29) and extinct (Australopithecus sediba n = 2; Homo naledi n = 1; Homo floresiensis n = 2; Neandertals n = 3) hominids using a new canonical holistic morphometric analysis, which quantifies and visualizes the distribution of trabecular bone using relative bone volume as a fraction of total volume (rBV/TV).ResultsHomo sapiens and Neandertals had a continuous band of high rBV/TV that extended across the scaphoid, lunate, and hamate subarticular regions, but other fossil hominins and extant great apes did not. A. sediba expressed a distinct combination of human‐like and Pan‐like rBV/TV distribution. Both H. floresiensis and H. naledi had high rBV/TV on the ulnar‐side of the capitate but low rBV/TV on the radial‐side.ConclusionThe proximal capitates of H. sapiens and Neandertals share a distinctive distribution of trabecular bone that suggests that these two species of Homo regularly load(ed) their midcarpal joints along the full extent of the oblique path of the DTM. The observed pattern in A. sediba suggests that human‐like stress at the capito‐scaphoid articular surface was combined with Pan‐like wrist postures, whereas the patterns in H. floresiensis and H. naledi suggest their midcarpal joints were loaded differently from that of H. sapiens and Neandertals.

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Changes in tibial bone microarchitecture in female recruits in response to 8 weeks of U.S. Army Basic Combat Training

Cited by 58 publications

References 39 publications

Evolutionary Perspectives on the Developing Skeleton and Implications for Lifelong Health

Evolutionary Perspectives on the Developing Skeleton and Implications for Lifelong Health

Regional Changes in Density and Microarchitecture in the Ultradistal Tibia of Female Recruits After U.S. Army Basic Combat Training

Trabecular bone structure of the proximal capitate in extant hominids and fossil hominins with implications for midcarpal joint loading and the dart‐thrower's motion

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Changes in tibial bone microarchitecture in female recruits in response to 8 weeks of U.S. Army Basic Combat Training

Cited by 58 publications

References 39 publications

Evolutionary Perspectives on the Developing Skeleton and Implications for Lifelong Health

Evolutionary Perspectives on the Developing Skeleton and Implications for Lifelong Health

Regional Changes in Density and Microarchitecture in the Ultradistal Tibia of Female Recruits After U.S. Army Basic Combat Training

Trabecular bone structure of the proximal capitate in extant hominids and fossil hominins with implications for midcarpal joint loading and the dart‐thrower's motion

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Changes in tibial bone microarchitecture in female recruits in response to 8 weeks of U.S. Army Basic Combat Training