Changes in the Zooplankton community off the coast of Northumberland between 1969 and 1988, with notes on changes in the phytoplankton and benthos

Evans, Frank; Edwards, Alasdair J.

doi:10.1016/0022-0981(93)90086-4

Cited by 31 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Other biological components of the ecosystem and independent studies from single-point stations are also discussed to corroborate and highlight the manifestation of this response through the various marine trophic levels. We found that although these studies also noticed an abrupt change in the North Sea ecosystem during these 2 periods, they did not have the benefit of regional comparisons (Evans & Edwards 1993, Josefson et al 1993, Lindeboom et al 1995, Greve et al 1996, Kröncke et al 1998. As a consequence of this, some researchers have presented these changes as evidence of eutrophication in the North Sea rather than far-field North Atlantic hydrographic changes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…Additionally, Lindeboom et al (1995) reported that the abundance of macrobenthos, fish and birds in the southern North Sea showed sudden changes at the end of the late 1970s, and Southward (1980) noted the appearance of cold-water gadoid species in the western English Channel during 1979 which had only once before been previously recorded. Many other researchers also observed an abrupt change in the biology of the North Sea in the late 1970s (Evans & Edwards 1993, Josefson et al 1993, Kröncke et al 1998 Although there is undeniably very strong evidence to suggest something exceptional happened in the North Sea in the late 1970s (from both physical and biological time series data), the question remains as to whether it was due to the GSA event. Apart from the very cold temperatures experienced in the North Sea during the late 1970s (which would explain the decline in some macrobenthos species and increase in boreal species), how else could the GSA affect the ecology of the North Sea?…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ocean climate anomalies and the ecology of the North Sea

Edwards

Beaugrand²,

Reid³

et al. 2002

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

205

137

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Long-term changes in the plankton of the North Sea are investigated using data from the continuous plankton recorder (CPR) survey. During the last 4 decades, there appears to have been 2 large anomalous periods within the plankton data set, one that occurred in the late 1970s and the other in the late 1980s. These anomalous periods seem to be largely synchronous with unusual ocean climate conditions that have occurred episodically over a timescale of decades. The unusual ocean climate conditions prevailing at these 2 time periods appear to contain important hydrographical elements that involve oceanic incursions into the North Sea. This paper, using data from the CPR survey and providing evidence from other studies, focuses on the relationship between the long-term changes in the biology of the North Sea and these 2 exceptional hydro-climatic events. Here, we suggest that while atmospheric variability and associated changes in regional temperatures have a dominant effect on the marine environment, oceanic influences on the ecology of a semi-closed environment such as the North Sea may have been underestimated in the past.KEY WORDS: North Sea · Plankton communities · Long-term trends · Continuous plankton recorder · Great salinity anomaly · Ocean climate Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherMar Ecol Prog Ser 239: [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] 2002 to such an extent they can take the form of notable biological shifts (Edwards et al. 2001a). In the North Sea, these biological irregularities appear to be largely synchronous with anomalous hydrographic events that have occurred episodically over the last 40 yr. In particular, 2 oceanographic anomalies stand out as exceptional periods. The first period, in the late 1970s, was associated with cold-boreal conditions, while the second period occurred in the late 1980s and was associated with a warm-temperate climate. The relationship between the long-term changes in plankton recorded by the continuous plankton recorder (CPR) survey in the North Sea and these 2 anomalous hydro-climatic events are discussed in this paper.The CPR survey, which was started in the North Sea in 1931, is one of only a few long-term biological monitoring programmes and the only one at a spatial scale that gives a systematic coverage of the North Sea in space and time. Using biological data recorded by the CPR survey, several planktonic time series were examined, including an assessment of phytoplankton biomass/structure, and components of the holozooplankton and meroplankton communities. This paper focuses predominately on the response of phytoplankton populations to the ocean climate anomalies. Other biological components of the ecosystem and independent studies from single-point stations are also discussed to corroborate and highlight the manifestation of this response through the various marine trophic levels. We found that although these studies also noticed an abrupt change in the North Sea ecosystem during these 2 periods, they did no...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocean climate anomalies and the ecology of the North Sea

Edwards

Beaugrand²,

Reid³

et al. 2002

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

205

137

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Greve et al 1996;Kro¨ncke et al 1998;Edwards et al 1999;Reid and Edwards 2002;Stebbing et al 2002;Loza´n et al 2003) which seems to be more profound and persistent than shifts recorded for earlier decades (e.g. Radach et al 1990;Austen et al 1991;Evans and Edwards 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Long-term changes in the macrozoobenthos around the rocky island of Helgoland (German Bight, North Sea)

Franke

Gutow

2004

Helgol Mar Res

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The paper briefly summarizes what is known about long-term changes (facts, causes, consequences) in the macrozoobenthos of intertidal and subtidal hardbottom communities around the island of Helgoland (German Bight, North Sea). There is increasing observational evidence that these communities (spectrum and abundances of species) are changing on a long-term temporal scale. The reasons are diverse and mainly anthropogenic. A shift in North Sea climate towards more oceanic conditions may be among the most important factors driving the recent changes in species spectrum. Many of the species which have been recorded as new to the Helgoland area during the past decade are southern (oceanic) species which may be considered as indicators of a warming trend.

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“…The only other published long-term time-series of zooplankton abundance in the North Sea of which we are aware is one dating back to 1969 for the Northumberland coast (Roff et al 1988, Evans & Edwards 1993. This spans much of the period covered by the CPR data but sampling was by means of 50 m long vertical hauls.…”

Section: Trendmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of abundance for Calanus and smaller copepods in the North Sea: time series decomposition of two CPR data sets

Broekhuizen¹,

McKenzie²

1995

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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We present a time series analysis of 34 yr of continuous plankton recorder (CPR) data for 2 taxa: 'total small copepods' and Calanus copepodite stages 5 and 6 in the North Sea. Each was resolved into spatial averages over areas which correspond to the hydrographic regimes of the North Sea as defined by ICES. An iterative method which enables reliable determination of the long-term trends, mean annual cycles and confidence bounds for the monthly means is presented. We find that a purely time-dependent (i.e. trend plus seasonality) model can explain in excess of 70% of the variance in the (log-transformed) data. Nonetheless, the correlation structure in the residuals is indicative of the additional influence of past abundances upon subsequent dynamics. The residuals of many of the adjacent regions within the North Sea exhibit significant cross correlations at lag zero. This suggests that stochastic events can influence zooplankton dynamics over very large areas. We found no evidence that the zooplankton dynamics in up-current regions drive the dynamics of their downstream neighbours. In contrast, hydrographically similar regions tend to share a common seasonal dynamic even when they are not adjacent.

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Changes in the Zooplankton community off the coast of Northumberland between 1969 and 1988, with notes on changes in the phytoplankton and benthos

Cited by 31 publications

References 16 publications

Ocean climate anomalies and the ecology of the North Sea

Ocean climate anomalies and the ecology of the North Sea

Long-term changes in the macrozoobenthos around the rocky island of Helgoland (German Bight, North Sea)

Patterns of abundance for Calanus and smaller copepods in the North Sea: time series decomposition of two CPR data sets

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