Changes in the vertical profile of the Indonesian Throughflow during Termination II: Evidence from the Timor Sea

“…Recent studies have suggested that tropical sea surface temperatures (SSTs) increased by 4°C [3][4][5] during the penultimate deglaciation (Termination II), and planktonic foraminifera δ 18 O, which indicates ice volume changes, lagged the Mg/Ca-SST changes by 2000-3000 a [3][4][5][6]. Such great changes in SST have had a *Corresponding authors (email: cct1234@163.com; tianjun@tongji.edu.cn) significant role in regulating global climate change [6,7].…”

mentioning

confidence: 95%

Warming magnitude of Indonesian Throughflow during the penultimate deglaciation (Termination II) and its relationship with climate change in high-latitude regions

Tian

2010

Chin. Sci. Bull.

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The tropical oceans are important source areas for global heat and water vapor transport, and changes in tropical sea surface temperature (SST) will have important impacts on high-latitude and global climate change. It is crucial to establish the precise phase relationship between tropical and high-latitude climate variability to gain insight into the mechanisms of global climate change.Here, we present multi-proxy records across the penultimate deglaciation (Termination II) from sediment Core SO18459, which is located in the outflow area of the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) of the Timor Sea. These proxy records include planktonic and benthic foraminifera δ 18 O, planktonic foraminifera G. ruber Mg/Ca-derived SST, and δ 18 O w of sea surface water. The Mg/Ca-SST records indicate a warming of 4.1°C in the Timor Sea over Termination II, which is in phase with decrease in planktonic and benthic δ 18 O. Our results suggest that at millennial timescales, climate change of the tropical oceans is synchronous with high-latitude ice volume changes. Furthermore, warming of the Timor Sea is almost simultaneous with warming of the Antarctic, suggesting a rapid heat transfer from the tropics to the Antarctic via the atmosphere and/or ocean circulations. The G. ruber δ 18 O and SST records of Core SO18459 show a marked YD-like event during Termination II, which is probably caused by decrease in Australian rainfall or strengthening of the Western Pacific Warm Pool. However, a similar YD-like event is not observed in East Asian rainfall records. This discrepancy indicates that different tropical climate systems may have different responses to the same forcing, such as El Niño Southern Oscillation. A similar YD-like event is observed in the global benthic foraminiferal δ 18 O records during Termination II, implying teleconnection of millennial scale climate change between the tropical regions and high latitudes.Indonesian Throughflow, Termination II, tropic sea surface temperature, high-latitude, phase relationship Citation:Tian C C, Tian J. Warming magnitude of Indonesian Throughflow during the penultimate deglaciation (Termination II) and its relationship with climate change in high-latitude regions.

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“…Numerous lines of evidence, including data from plankton tows [Fairbanks et aL, 1982], sediment traps Mohtadi et aL, 2009], and coretops Sadekov et al, 2009;Xu et aL, 2006;Zuraida et aL., 2009], suggest that within the modern tropics, P. obliquiloculata has an upper thermocline depth habitat. Our data are consistent with these studies.…”

Section: Geochemistry Of P Obliquiloculata As a Thermocline Indicatormentioning

confidence: 99%

The centennial and millennial variability of the IndoPacific Warm Pool and the Indonesian Throughflow

Gibbons¹

2012

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(Short version)As the only low-latitude connection between ocean basins, the Indonesian Throughflow allows the direct transmission of heat and salinity between the Pacific and Indian Oceans. The Mg/Ca and 6180 of calcite of Globigerinoides ruber (G. ruber) were used to estimate the sea surface temperature (SST) and 6180 of water, an indicator of hydrologic conditions, over the past 20,000 years. I also attempted to estimate thermocline structure using Pulleniatina obliquiloculata, but the Mg/Ca and 6180 of calcite data yield conflicting interpretations, indicating further work on this proxy is required. The G. ruber Mg/Ca results suggest that the SST of the outflow passages were influenced by high latitude Southern Hemisphere temperature. At approximately 10,000 years before present, there was a warming in the Makassar Strait. This local warming was coincident with the flooding of the Sunda Shelf, which opened a connection between the South China Sea and the Indonesian Throughflow. AbstractAs the only low-latitude connection between ocean basins, the Indonesian Throughflow allows the direct transmission of heat and salinity between the Pacific and Indian Oceans. Despite its potential importance, the role of the Indonesian Throughflow in global ocean circulation and regional climate is still not clear due to sparse measurements and the relative difficulty of modeling the region. The Mg/Ca and 6180 of calcite of the calcitic planktic foraminifera Globigerinoides ruber (G.ruber) were used to estimate the sea surface temperature and 6180 of water, an indicator of hydrologic conditions, over the past 20,000 years. I also attempted to estimate thermocline structure using the foraminifera, Pulleniatina obliquiloculata, AcknowledgementsWhile there is certainly a sense of relief to be finishing my thesis, it is also bittersweet. It will be extremely difficult for me to leave behind my good friends and colleagues.I could not ask for a better advisor (and friend and mentor) than Delia Oppo. Her commitment to her students, family, and science is an inspiration. She is extremely patient, and was always willing to let me do things my way, though I would have likely finished my degree two years early had I just listened to her in the first place. I did listen to her regarding family, when she told me, "By the time you want children, it will be too late." My son and I are particularly grateful for this piece of advice.I owe a big thank you to my committee members. Bill Curry, Jake Gebbie, and Kerry Emanuel guided my research and helped me create a stronger thesis.I could not have finished without the help of Olivier Marchal. Olivier's eagerness to answer any question I had (and perhaps some I had not yet realized I had) was always appreciated. His willingness to read my thesis and chair my defense on 24 hours notice is a testament to his generosity.We are lucky to have excellent collaborators. Mahyar Mohtadi (University of Bremen) and Brad Linsley (LDEO) have provided excellent feedback on many drafts of this thesis....

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Changes in the vertical profile of the Indonesian Throughflow during Termination II: Evidence from the Timor Sea

Cited by 65 publications

References 64 publications

Changes in Timor Strait hydrology and thermocline structure during the past 130 ka

Changes in Timor Strait hydrology and thermocline structure during the past 130 ka

Warming magnitude of Indonesian Throughflow during the penultimate deglaciation (Termination II) and its relationship with climate change in high-latitude regions

The centennial and millennial variability of the IndoPacific Warm Pool and the Indonesian Throughflow

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