Changes in the structure of children’s isometric force variability with practice

Deutsch, Katherine M.; Newell, Karl M.

doi:10.1016/j.jecp.2004.04.003

Cited by 60 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…This indicates consistent agerelated improvements of TD children's isometric control of finger force/torque in all tasks. Similar findings have been reported in previous studies with finger pressing tasks [7;18;27] and pinching tasks [8][9][10].…”

supporting

confidence: 92%

Effect of kinetic redundancy on hand digit control in children with DCD

Oliveira¹,

Shim²,

Loss³

et al. 2006

Neuroscience Letters

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We investigated finger strength and the ability to control digit force/torque production in children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) using manipulative tasks with different kinetic redundancies (KNR). Age-related changes in finger strength and finger force/torque control in typically developing (TD) children were also examined to provide a developmental landscape that allows a comparison with children with DCD. Forty-eight TD children (7-, 9-, and 11-year-olds) and sixteen 9-year-old children with DCD participated in the study. Three isometric tasks with different KNR were tested: constant index finger pressing force production (KNR=0), constant thumb-index finger pinching force production (KNR=1), and constant thumb-index finger torque production (KNR=5). Each subject performed two conditions for each isometric task: maximum voluntary force/torque production and constant force/torque control (40% of maximum force/torque). The results showed that the maximum force/torque production increased and the variability of constant force/torque control decreased with age in all tasks in TD children. Children with DCD showed larger variability than TD children in the constant thumb-index finger pinching torque production. These results suggest that children with DCD, as compared to TD children, are capable of producing the same level of maximum finger force, but have poor control in manipulation tasks with a large number of kinetic redundancies. Keywords motor redundancy; finger force control; development; children; DCD For successful achievement of everyday manipulative tasks, the central nervous system (CNS) is required to control digit-tip forces and moments. During a simple multi-digit prehension task, the hand provides an infinite number of digit-tip contact force and torque solutions available to achieve the motor task. This problem is commonly referred to as motor redundancy [5;28], which requires the CNS to find a solution from the many available kinetic variables. Previous studies have addressed the problem of motor redundancy in manipulative tasks of adults, specifically during prehension of hand-held objects [24;25;29]. However, far less attention has been drawn to how children solve the problem of motor redundancy and no studies have examined how children with motor difficulties such as those with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) [2] handle this problem.

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supporting

confidence: 92%

Effect of kinetic redundancy on hand digit control in children with DCD

Oliveira¹,

Shim²,

Loss³

et al. 2006

Neuroscience Letters

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“…Deutsch and Newell ͑2004͒ observed that, with practice, some children approached adultlike values of force variability in a nonspeech ͑pinching͒ task and, moreover, that practice effects accounted for more variance than chronological age. Age effects can also be reduced by manipulating task demands, including accuracy requirements, force levels, and presence of feedback ͑Deutsch and Newell, 2001Newell, , 2003Newell, , 2004Yan et al, 2000͒. Finally, both speech and nonspeech studies indicate that production variability may increase during periods of learning or skill acquisition when the motor system is in transition to a new mode of organization ͑Berthier, 1996; Goffman et al, 2002;Liu et al, 2006;Thelen et al, 1996;von Hofsten, 1989͒. In this view, specific patterns of variability arise as individuals seek successful motoric strategies for a given goal ͑Jensen et al, 1995͒.…”

Section: Interpreting Variabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Speech production variability in fricatives of children and adults: Results of functional data analysis

Koenig

Lucero

Perlman

2008

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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This study investigates token-to-token variability in fricative production of 5 year olds, 10 year olds, and adults. Previous studies have reported higher intrasubject variability in children than adults, in speech as well as nonspeech tasks, but authors have disagreed on the causes and implications of this finding. The current work assessed the characteristics of age-related variability across articulators ͑larynx and tongue͒ as well as in temporal versus spatial domains. Oral airflow signals, which reflect changes in both laryngeal and supralaryngeal apertures, were obtained for multiple productions of /h s z/. The data were processed using functional data analysis, which provides a means of obtaining relatively independent indices of amplitude and temporal ͑phasing͒ variability. Consistent with past work, both temporal and amplitude variabilities were higher in children than adults, but the temporal indices were generally less adultlike than the amplitude indices for both groups of children. Quantitative and qualitative analyses showed considerable speaker-and consonant-specific patterns of variability. The data indicate that variability in /s/ may represent laryngeal as well as supralaryngeal control and further that a simple random noise factor, higher in children than in adults, is insufficient to explain developmental differences in speech production variability.

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“…Skilled performance of a given task has been discussed as the reduction in the active or dynamical DOF (Mitra, Amazeen, & Turvey, 1998), however, continuous isometric force tracking of constant force level targets is associated with the increase in the dimension of the force dynamics (Deutsch & Newell, 2004;Newell & Vaillancourt, 2001). Several other studies have found a reduction in the time dependent structure of the force trace with full vision using analyses of detrended fluctuation analysis (Athreya et al, 2012) and approximate entropy (Studenka, King, & Newell, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%