“…Minor quartz (Levien et al , 1980) is also present. These results are consistent with the reported composition of the PNZ based on previous works (Cagomoc & Vasquez, 2017; Gili et al , 2019a, 2019b). Fig.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 94%
“…The γ-irradiation seems beneficial, as it enhances the maximum adsorption capacity of NaOH-modified zeolites by ~31.6%. This confirms the reported enhancement of the Cu 2+ sorption capacity of γ-irradiated NaOH-modified zeolites in our previous study (Gili et al , 2019b). Fig.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 93%
“…Chemical modifications using acidic or basic solutions are typically employed to minimize impurities or change the Si/Al ratio (Ates & Akgul, 2015; Dignos et al , 2019). Ion exchange removes cations initially present on the zeolite, providing additional sites for cation adsorption (Inglezakis et al , 2001; Taffarel & Rubio, 2009; Gili et al , 2019b). Other methods employ plasma modification to increase adsorption (Cagomoc & Vasquez, 2017; Taaca et al , 2019).…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In our previous study, it was reported that γ-irradiation does not improve the Cu 2+ sorption capacity of raw and HCl-treated Philippine natural zeolite (PNZ) (Gili et al , 2019b). It even lowers the sorption uptake, especially at 400 kGy and higher absorption doses.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The optimum adsorption, corresponding to an increase by 25.2%, was attained at a dose of 400 kGy. Further increase of the dose to 700 kGy reduced the sorption to 21.36% (Gili et al , 2019b). Natural zeolites preconditioned in various ways react differently to γ-radiation.…”
“…Minor quartz (Levien et al , 1980) is also present. These results are consistent with the reported composition of the PNZ based on previous works (Cagomoc & Vasquez, 2017; Gili et al , 2019a, 2019b). Fig.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 94%
“…The γ-irradiation seems beneficial, as it enhances the maximum adsorption capacity of NaOH-modified zeolites by ~31.6%. This confirms the reported enhancement of the Cu 2+ sorption capacity of γ-irradiated NaOH-modified zeolites in our previous study (Gili et al , 2019b). Fig.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 93%
“…Chemical modifications using acidic or basic solutions are typically employed to minimize impurities or change the Si/Al ratio (Ates & Akgul, 2015; Dignos et al , 2019). Ion exchange removes cations initially present on the zeolite, providing additional sites for cation adsorption (Inglezakis et al , 2001; Taffarel & Rubio, 2009; Gili et al , 2019b). Other methods employ plasma modification to increase adsorption (Cagomoc & Vasquez, 2017; Taaca et al , 2019).…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In our previous study, it was reported that γ-irradiation does not improve the Cu 2+ sorption capacity of raw and HCl-treated Philippine natural zeolite (PNZ) (Gili et al , 2019b). It even lowers the sorption uptake, especially at 400 kGy and higher absorption doses.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The optimum adsorption, corresponding to an increase by 25.2%, was attained at a dose of 400 kGy. Further increase of the dose to 700 kGy reduced the sorption to 21.36% (Gili et al , 2019b). Natural zeolites preconditioned in various ways react differently to γ-radiation.…”
Philippine natural bentonite is characterized using X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), chemical analysis, thermogravimetric-differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis. The cation exchange capacity (CEC) was also measured. XRD shows that the mineral is composed primarily of mordenite, hectorite, and montmorillonite. SEM shows the flaky and porous structure of the bentonite powder. Chemical analyses show that SiO2 (47.90 wt%) and Al2O3 (14.02 wt%) are the major components of the clay. TG-DSC shows that the mineral contains 15.55% moisture. IR transmittance spectrum shows the common vibration bands present in the sample which include O–H stretching of inter-porous water, symmetric and asymmetric stretching of hydroxyl functional groups, asymmetrical stretching of internal tetrahedra (O–Si–O and O–Al–O), symmetrical stretching of external linkages, and so on. The measured CEC were found to be 91.37 and 43.01 meq/100 g according to the ammonium acetate method and barium acetate method, respectively.
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