Changes in the size and shape of fallow deer—evidence for the movement and management of a species

Sykes, Naomi; Carden, Ruth F.; Harris, Kerry F.

doi:10.1002/oa.1239

Cited by 22 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…1. Case studies in the application of archaeological science methods to understand past human-mediated biological translocations and transformations relating to the following: global colonization, origins and spread of food production, island colonization, and trade and urbanization (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18).…”

Section: Four Key Phases Of Anthropogenic Transformationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological consequences of human niche construction: Examining long-term anthropogenic shaping of global species distributions

Boivin

Zeder

Fuller

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

654

490

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The exhibition of increasingly intensive and complex niche construction behaviors through time is a key feature of human evolution, culminating in the advanced capacity for ecosystem engineering exhibited by Homo sapiens. A crucial outcome of such behaviors has been the dramatic reshaping of the global biosphere, a transformation whose early origins are increasingly apparent from cumulative archaeological and paleoecological datasets. Such data suggest that, by the Late Pleistocene, humans had begun to engage in activities that have led to alterations in the distributions of a vast array of species across most, if not all, taxonomic groups. Changes to biodiversity have included extinctions, extirpations, and shifts in species composition, diversity, and community structure. We outline key examples of these changes, highlighting findings from the study of new datasets, like ancient DNA (aDNA), stable isotopes, and microfossils, as well as the application of new statistical and computational methods to datasets that have accumulated significantly in recent decades. We focus on four major phases that witnessed broad anthropogenic alterations to biodiversity-the Late Pleistocene global human expansion, the Neolithic spread of agriculture, the era of island colonization, and the emergence of early urbanized societies and commercial networks. Archaeological evidence documents millennia of anthropogenic transformations that have created novel ecosystems around the world. This record has implications for ecological and evolutionary research, conservation strategies, and the maintenance of ecosystem services, pointing to a significant need for broader cross-disciplinary engagement between archaeology and the biological and environmental sciences.biodiversity | extinctions | invasive species | novel ecosystems | Anthropocene The reshaping of global biodiversity is one of the most significant impacts humans have had on Earth's ecosystems. As our planet experiences its sixth "mass extinction event" (1), the effect of anthropogenic landscape modification, habitat fragmentation, overexploitation, and species invasions could not be more apparent (2, 3). These transformations are linked largely to the industrial economies, burgeoning populations, and dense transport networks of contemporary human societies. Accordingly, the humanmediated alteration of species distributions has been characterized as a modern phenomenon with limited, and largely insignificant, historical antecedents. This conventional understanding fails to account for several decades of archaeological, paleoecological, and genetic research that reveal a long and widespread history of human transformation of global biodiversity (4-6). The evolutionary trajectory of Homo sapiens has seen growing capacities for advanced cognition and demographic and geographic expansion, along with an exponential increase in the scope and impact of human niche constructing activities (7) that have culminated in fundamental changes to planetary ecosystems.Drawing upon findings from ...

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Section: Four Key Phases Of Anthropogenic Transformationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological consequences of human niche construction: Examining long-term anthropogenic shaping of global species distributions

Boivin

Zeder

Fuller

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

654

490

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…This is particularly true for the data relating to the ankle bone (astragalus) whose size and shape is well known to correlate with body size and conformation but also, in the case of fallow deer, demonstrates ecomorphic variation (Sykes, Carden, and Harris 2013). As Figure 3 shows, bones from the 'native' fallow deer populations from Anatolia and Greece are comparatively long and thin, whereas the bones of translocated deer of northern Europe are comparatively short and fat.…”

Section: From Where Were Fallow Deer Introduced?mentioning

confidence: 97%

From Icon of Empire to National Emblem: New Evidence for the Fallow Deer of Barbuda

Perdikaris

Bain

Grouard

et al. 2017

Environmental Archaeology

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Barbuda and Antigua's national animal is the fallow deer, Dama dama dama, a species native to the eastern Mediterranean that has been transported around the world by people during the last 8000 years. The timing and circumstances by which fallow deer came to be established on Barbuda are currently uncertain but, by examining documentary, osteological and genetic evidence, this paper will consider the validity of existing theories. It will review the dynamics of human-Dama relationships from the 1500s AD to the present day and consider how the meaning attached to this species has changed through time: from a symbol of colonial authority and dominance, to a 'walking larder' after the slave emancipation of 1834, and now an important part of the island's economy and cultural heritage that requires careful management. ARTICLE HISTORY

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“…LSI enables us to aggregate log ratios of measurements from different parts of the same skeletal element which increases the size of samples available for analysis. The methods and benefits of log ratios are discussed elsewhere (e.g., Davis, 1996 ;Meadow, 1999 ;Albarella, 2002 ;Thomas, 2005 ;Sykes et al, 2013). The "standard" used in this study is the average of measurements of a collection of 26 modern wild boar specimens from Kanagawa Prefecture in the southern Kanto region, currently stored at Kanagawa Prefectural Museum of Natural History (Anezaki, 2007 ;Anezaki et al, 2008).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Size and shape variation of mandible and mandibular teeth in the Ryukyu wild boar (Sus scrofa riukiuanus)

智子¹,

一美²,

弥悦³

2013

The Quat. Res.

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The morphological variations between different populations of modern Ryukyu wild boar found on Amami, Kakeroma, Tokunoshima, Okinawa, Ishigaki, and Iriomote islands are investigated in this study. The size of mandibles and length of M3 in males and females of age groups IV-V were compared. Then the bucco-lingual measurements of P3, P4, M1 and M2 were compared to the corresponding dimensions of a standard population using logarithmic ratio technique (LSI). Seven non-metrical characters of the mandible were compared between the populations. As a result, a different pattern was observed between mandibles and teeth. This was apparent especially in Ishigaki, where the size of mandibles of Sus was large compared to Amami, Okinawa, and Iriomote populations, but the size of teeth was small. The pattern of non-metrical characters was similar between Ishigaki, Iriomote, and Kyushu populations, with relatively high proportion of P1 and lost heptapreconulid ; Amami, Okinawa and Honshu populations comprised another group, with lost P1 and lost heptapreconulid. Based on the result of non-metrical analyses and size of teeth in the present study, the morphological characteristics of Sus from Tokunoshima and Okinawa were similar to Kakeroma and Amami and not to Ishigaki and Iriomote. Furthermore, the morphological characteristics of Sus from Tokunoshima and Kakeroma were more similar to Okinawa than to Amami in the base shape of the mandible and the relatively high proportion of the presence of a notch. The situation of Sus in Amami, with their size and shape differing the most from other modern Ryukyu wild boars, would appear to be the result of the island rule or the decline in body size exhibited by insular populations of artiodactyls compared with their mainland relatives. The Sus in Amami may have been separated for a longer period of time than other Ryukyu wild boars in the Nansei islands. The situation of Sus in Kakeroma and Tokunoshima was questionable since they had sizes and shapes more similar to Okinawa than to Amami despite their geographical locations. The study suggests a possibility of human interference in some of the islands where the wild boars live today. The present study has shown that by using the log ratio technique and non-metrical characteristics, it is possible to gain insight on the size and morphological variations of Ryukyu wild boars even for islands with only a small sample size.

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Changes in the size and shape of fallow deer—evidence for the movement and management of a species

Cited by 22 publications

References 24 publications

Ecological consequences of human niche construction: Examining long-term anthropogenic shaping of global species distributions

Ecological consequences of human niche construction: Examining long-term anthropogenic shaping of global species distributions

From Icon of Empire to National Emblem: New Evidence for the Fallow Deer of Barbuda

Size and shape variation of mandible and mandibular teeth in the Ryukyu wild boar (Sus scrofa riukiuanus)

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