Changes in the SIDActual and SID Effective Values in the Course of Respiratory Acidosis in Horses With Symptomatic Severe Equine Asthma—An Experimental Study

Niedźwiedź, Artur; Sławuta, Piotr; Żak, Agnieszka; Słowikowska, Malwina; Siwińska, Natalia; Rykała, Marta; Nicpoń, Józef

doi:10.1016/j.jevs.2019.05.006

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…8,9,33,34 A series of events related to the severity of lung disease, such as hypercapnia accompanied by increased HCO 3 À concentration, hyperalbuminemia, hypernatremia, or hypochloremia change the metabolic aspect of the sSID approach. 12 It is difficult to compare our results with those of other studies because the latter were performed using experimental inoculation 8,10 or calves with chronic BP often affected by lifethreatening conditions. 33,34 The discrepancy between our results and those of other previously published studies could be attributed to the disparity in the nature and distribution of lung lesions induced by the experimental inoculation of the pathogens and the chronic conditions of the disease.…”

Section: Categorizationsmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…Studies suggest that blood oxygenation values and respiratory acidosis represent good predictors of BP's severity 8,9,33,34 . A series of events related to the severity of lung disease, such as hypercapnia accompanied by increased HCO 3 − concentration, hyperalbuminemia, hypernatremia, or hypochloremia change the metabolic aspect of the sSID approach 12 . It is difficult to compare our results with those of other studies because the latter were performed using experimental inoculation 8,10 or calves with chronic BP often affected by life‐threatening conditions 33,34 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8,9 In addition, studies carried out on calves 10 and pigs 11 that were experimentally infected with Chlamydia spp. and in horses suffering from asthma syndrome, 12 suggest that lung lesions could also affect the strong ion difference (SID) and the concentration of weak nonvolatile acids (A TOT ) of the simplified strong ion difference (sSID) approach to the acid-base imbalances. Furthermore, a reduced blood concentration of paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) has been noted in calves aged 28 to 120 days with respiratory disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Blood gases, acid‐base, and metabolic alterations in calves with bronchopneumonia diagnosed via clinical signs and thoracic ultrasonography: A cross‐sectional study

Boccardo,

Ferrulli,

Sala

et al. 2024

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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BackgroundBronchopneumonia (BP) in calves potentially causes systemic changes.ObjectivesTo describe metabolic, arterial blood gas, and acid‐base disorders in calves with BP diagnosed by thoracic ultrasound (TUS), Wisconsin score (WISC), and combinations of WISC and TUS.AnimalsTwo hundred thirty‐one dairy preweaned dairy calves from 13 dairy farms.MethodsCross‐sectional study. Each calf sequentially underwent arterial blood gas evaluation, WISC score, venous sampling, and TUS. Calves were grouped based on a single diagnostic method and combination of WISC and 2 TUS cutoffs (≥1 cm; ≥3 cm) as healthy, upper respiratory tract infection, subclinical BP, and clinical BP.ResultsOxygenation and acid‐base variables were unaffected. Glucose concentration in TUS‐affected calves was significantly lower (P < .001) than in healthy calves (median ≥TUS1cm = 5.2 mmol/L 25%‐75% interquartile range [IQR] 4.5‐6.1, <TUS1cm = 5.9 mmol/L IQR 5.5‐6.6; ≥TUS3cm = 5.1 mmol/L IQR 4.4‐6.2, <TUS3cm = 5.8 mmol/L IQR 5.3‐6.4). Paraoxonase‐1 was significantly lower (P < .001) in TUS‐affected calves (≥TUS1cm = 64.1 U/mL IQR 40.8‐78, <TUS1cm = 77.3 U/mL IQR 61.9‐96.5; ≥TUS3cm = 59.2 U/mL IQR 37.7‐72.4, <TUS3cm = 72.9 U/mL IQR 53.4‐95.5). None of the variables highlighted clear distinctions in WISC‐detected clinical and subclinical BP calves based on the combination of WISC and TUS.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceClinical signs indicate minor systemic disorders compared to TUS. The abnormalities detected by ultrasonographic examination were moderate and did not deviate from normal reference ranges.

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Section: Categorizationsmentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Blood gases, acid‐base, and metabolic alterations in calves with bronchopneumonia diagnosed via clinical signs and thoracic ultrasonography: A cross‐sectional study

Boccardo,

Ferrulli,

Sala

et al. 2024

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Prospective observational study to describe the clinical variability of equine asthma phenotypes

Meiseberg,

Delarocque,

de Buhr

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background: Equine asthma is a common, non-infectious, chronic lung disease that affects up to 80% of the horse population. Diagnostic guidelines rely on history, clinical presentation, and neutrophil count in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. However, strict phenotyping and identification of subclinical asthmatic horses can be challenging. The aim of this study was to describe the equine asthma phenotypes (mild, moderate, and severe asthma) in a clinical population and identify the variables and examination steps with best discriminative potential. A standardised examination protocol was used, which included clinical examinations, blood work, airway endoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage fluid analysis, arterial blood gas analysis and radiography. Results: Out of 26 horses, four were diagnosed with mild (subclinical), seven with moderate, and seven with severe asthma. Eight horses served as controls with no evidence of respiratory disease. Cough with history of coughing was the strongest clinical variable in phenotype differentiation. All horses with mild asthma were distinguishable from healthy individuals by mast cell counts in bronchoalveolar lavage cytology only. Moderate and severe asthmatic horses were characterised by clinical symptoms and neutrophil counts. Regardless of data subsets used in algorithmic evaluation of classification trees, a differentiation of three phenotypes without neutrophil and mast cell counts in bronchoalveolar lavage cytology is not sufficient for clinical diagnostics. Factor analysis revealed an increasing clinical variability with disease severity and an overlapping of clinical presentations between the phenotypes. Conclusions: Equine asthma phenotypes are clinically variable with overlapping symptom severities. History of coughing and bronchoalveolar lavage cytology are the strongest discriminant parameters. Mild asthma is differentiated by bronchoalveolar lavage cytology only. The results indicate that medical history, clinical examination and bronchoalveolar lavage cytology are indispensable steps to diagnose equine asthma and that a comparably exact diagnosis cannot be achieved by relying on alternative examinations or surrogate variables. An absence of single symptoms does not necessarily indicate an absence of advanced disease, while the presence of symptoms indicates disease severity. Diagnosing equine asthma should rely on medical history, clinical examination, and endoscopy including bronchoalveolar lavage cytology. Screenings of inconspicuous horses with bronchoalveolar lavage can aid in diagnosing subclinical affected animals.

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Changes in the SIDActual and SID Effective Values in the Course of Respiratory Acidosis in Horses With Symptomatic Severe Equine Asthma—An Experimental Study

Cited by 2 publications

References 40 publications

Blood gases, acid‐base, and metabolic alterations in calves with bronchopneumonia diagnosed via clinical signs and thoracic ultrasonography: A cross‐sectional study

Blood gases, acid‐base, and metabolic alterations in calves with bronchopneumonia diagnosed via clinical signs and thoracic ultrasonography: A cross‐sectional study

Prospective observational study to describe the clinical variability of equine asthma phenotypes

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