Changes in the role of chest radiographs for diagnosing and managing children with tuberculosis: the 2022 World Health Organization consolidated guidelines on tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a leading cause of death in children despite global efforts focused on early diagnosis and interventions to limit the spread of the disease. This challenge has been made more complex in the context of the coronavirus pandemic, which has disrupted the “End TB Strategy” and framework set out by the World Health Organization (WHO). Since the inception of artificial intelligence (AI) more than 60 years ago, the interest in AI has risen and more recently we have seen the emergence of multiple real-world applications, many of which relate to medical imaging. Nonetheless, real-world AI applications and clinical studies are limited in the niche area of paediatric imaging. This review article will focus on how AI, or more specifically deep learning, can be applied to TB diagnosis and management in children. We describe how deep learning can be utilised in chest imaging to provide computer-assisted diagnosis to augment workflow and screening efforts. We also review examples of recent AI applications for TB screening in resource constrained environments and we explore some of the challenges and the future directions of AI in paediatric TB.

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Artificial Intelligence in Paediatric Tuberculosis

Naidoo

Shelmerdine

Ugas-Charcape

et al. 2023

Pediatr Radiol

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Evolving role of chest radiographs for diagnosis of pediatric pulmonary tuberculosis

et al. 2023

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Frequency of abnormal findings on chest radiograph after positive PPD in children and adolescents in an urban setting in the United States

Miranda-Schaeubinger,

Derbew,

Ramirez

et al. 2024

Clinical Imaging

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Changes in the role of chest radiographs for diagnosing and managing children with tuberculosis: the 2022 World Health Organization consolidated guidelines on tuberculosis

Cited by 5 publications

References 10 publications

Artificial Intelligence in Paediatric Tuberculosis

Artificial Intelligence in Paediatric Tuberculosis

Evolving role of chest radiographs for diagnosis of pediatric pulmonary tuberculosis

Frequency of abnormal findings on chest radiograph after positive PPD in children and adolescents in an urban setting in the United States

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