Changes in the relationship in the SST variability between the tropical Pacific and the North Pacific across the 1998/1999 regime shift

Jo, HyunBin; Yeh, Sang‐Wook; Lee, Sang Ki

doi:10.1002/2015gl065049

Cited by 43 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Such interdecadal changes in TCLs are also closely linked to the interdecadal change in ENSO years ( Fig. 3c, d; Table 2), confirming that the TCL interdecadal variability is closely linked to the late-1990s interdecadal change in the correlation between PDO and ENSO (e.g., Jo et al 2015;Hu et al 2016a;Zhao and Wang 2016) and the resultant western Pacific interdecadal warming ( Fig. 4a-b; Fig.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 61%

Perspective on the northwestward shift of autumn tropical cyclogenesis locations over the western North Pacific from shifting ENSO

Zhang

Yang

et al. 2017

Clim Dyn

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During the recent decades of satellite era, more tropical cyclogenesis locations (TCLs) were observed over the northwestern part of the western North Pacific (WNP), relative to the southeastern part, during the boreal autumn. This increase in TCLs over the northwestern WNP is largely attributed to the synergy of shifting El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the 1998 Pacific climate regime shift. Both central Pacific (CP) La Niña and CP El Niño have occurred more frequently since 1998, with only one eastern Pacific El Niño observed in autumn 2015. The change in the mean longitude of TCLs is closely linked to the ENSO diversity, whereas the change in the mean latitude is dominated by the warming of the WNP induced by an interdecadal tendency of CP La Niña-like events. The physical mechanisms responsible for this shifting ENSO-TCL linkage can be potentially explained by the tacit-and-mutual configurations between tropical upper-tropospheric trough and monsoon trough, on both interannual and interdecadal timescales, which is mainly due to the ENSO-related large-scale environment changes in ocean and atmosphere that modulate the WNP TCL.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 61%

Perspective on the northwestward shift of autumn tropical cyclogenesis locations over the western North Pacific from shifting ENSO

Zhang

Yang

et al. 2017

Clim Dyn

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“…It is also found that a center of the southern lobe of the NPO is located to the central and eastern North Pacific in the periods including 1994, indicating that the NPO pattern changed after the mid-1990s. However, it should be noted that the PNA mode is slightly shifted westward after the late-1990s, which might be associated with the westward shift in the location of the tropical convective heating around the dateline (Jo et al, 2015). It is found that the spatial structure of the PNA is not much changed as time progresses, which is in contrast to the second EOF of SLP, that is, the NPO.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…A similar result is obtained by the composite difference of SLP and SST in the years when the NPO index is above or less than 0.75 standard deviation (±0.75σ, here σ indicates a standard deviation) before and after the mid-1990s, respectively ( Figure S4). The other is that the changes in ENSO statistics as well as its associated convective forcing after the mid-1990s Hu et al, 2017;Jo et al, 2015;Li et al, 2014;Yeo et al, 2012) may cause the weakening of simultaneous relationship between the NPO and ENSO. Note that the simultaneous correlation coefficient between the NPO index and the NINO3 SST index during winter is 0.50 for 1979-1993, which is statistically significant at the 90% confidence level.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Eastward Shift of the North Pacific Oscillation After the Mid‐1990s and Its Relationship With ENSO

Yeh

Sung

et al. 2018

Geophysical Research Letters

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The North Pacific Oscillation (NPO), which is characterized by a north‐south dipole‐like pattern of sea level pressure (SLP) in the North Pacific, is an atmospheric circulation that is a key to understanding tropical‐extratropical interactions in the Pacific. We show that the center of the southern lobe SLP in the NPO during boreal winter (December‐January‐February) is shifted to the east after the mid‐1990s compared to before the mid‐1990s. This leads to the change in the relationship between the NPO and El Niño and the Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The NPO is closely associated with the convective forcing in the tropical Pacific during boreal winter before the mid‐1990s. After the mid‐1990s, in contrast, the simultaneous relationship of the NPO and ENSO during boreal winter becomes weak. However, an eastward shift of the NPO's southern lobe SLP during boreal winter causes a close relationship with the ENSO in the winter of the following year through atmosphere‐ocean coupled processes after the mid‐1990s. These results indicate that atmospheric circulation in the North Pacific characterized by the NPO becomes more influential in the tropical Pacific with a lagged time after the mid‐1990s, likely due to the eastward shift in the NPO's structure. We also briefly discuss which processes cause an eastward shift in the NPO's southern lobe SLP.

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“…In addition, ENSO amplitude as well as its dominant period increased after the late 1970s compared to before the late 1970s (Fedorov & Philander, 2000;Wang & An, 2002). Since the 1990s, however, ENSO properties such as the spatial structure and amplitude of SST anomalies (SSTAs) as well as the ocean mean state have changed again (Capotondi et al, 2015;Jo et al, 2013Jo et al, , 2014Jo et al, , 2015Kosaka & Xie, 2013;Lyon et al, 2014;McPhaden, 2012;McPhaden et al, 2011;Meehl et al, 2014Meehl et al, , 2015Xiang et al, 2013) ( Figure 3). It has been observed that the center of both El Niño and La Niña SST anomalies has shifted to the (upper right).…”

Section: 1002/2017rg000568mentioning

confidence: 99%

ENSO Atmospheric Teleconnections and Their Response to Greenhouse Gas Forcing

Yeh

Cai

Min

et al. 2018

Reviews of Geophysics

369

295

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El Niño and Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the most prominent year‐to‐year climate fluctuation on Earth, alternating between anomalously warm (El Niño) and cold (La Niña) sea surface temperature (SST) conditions in the tropical Pacific. ENSO exerts its impacts on remote regions of the globe through atmospheric teleconnections, affecting extreme weather events worldwide. However, these teleconnections are inherently nonlinear and sensitive to ENSO SST anomaly patterns and amplitudes. In addition, teleconnections are modulated by variability in the oceanic and atmopsheric mean state outside the tropics and by land and sea ice extent. The character of ENSO as well as the ocean mean state have changed since the 1990s, which might be due to either natural variability or anthropogenic forcing, or their combined influences. This has resulted in changes in ENSO atmospheric teleconnections in terms of precipitation and temperature in various parts of the globe. In addition, changes in ENSO teleconnection patterns have affected their predictability and the statistics of extreme events. However, the short observational record does not allow us to clearly distinguish which changes are robust and which are not. Climate models suggest that ENSO teleconnections will change because the mean atmospheric circulation will change due to anthropogenic forcing in the 21st century, which is independent of whether ENSO properties change or not. However, future ENSO teleconnection changes do not currently show strong intermodel agreement from region to region, highlighting the importance of identifying factors that affect uncertainty in future model projections.

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Changes in the relationship in the SST variability between the tropical Pacific and the North Pacific across the 1998/1999 regime shift

Cited by 43 publications

References 33 publications

Perspective on the northwestward shift of autumn tropical cyclogenesis locations over the western North Pacific from shifting ENSO

Perspective on the northwestward shift of autumn tropical cyclogenesis locations over the western North Pacific from shifting ENSO

An Eastward Shift of the North Pacific Oscillation After the Mid‐1990s and Its Relationship With ENSO

ENSO Atmospheric Teleconnections and Their Response to Greenhouse Gas Forcing

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