Changes in the proteome of pad2-1, a glutathione depleted Arabidopsis mutant, during Pseudomonas syringae infection

Datta, R. K.; Chattopadhyay, Sharmila

doi:10.1016/j.jprot.2015.04.036

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Another GSH mutant, the root meristemless1, contains only 3% GSH and exhibits a root meristem-less phenotype (Vernoux et al, 2000). All these GSH-deficient mutants have compromised resistance to both microorganisms and insects (Ball et al, 2004;Parisy et al, 2007;Schlaeppi et al, 2008;Datta and Chattopadhyay, 2015).…”

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confidence: 99%

Glutathione regulates ACC synthase transcription via WRKY33 and ACC oxidase by modulating mRNA stability to induce ethylene synthesis during stress

et al. 2015

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Glutathione (GSH) plays a fundamental role in plant defense-signaling network. Recently, we have established the involvement of GSH with ethylene (ET) to combat environmental stress. However, the mechanism of GSH-ET interplay still remains unexplored. Here, we demonstrate that GSH induces ET biosynthesis by modulating the transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulations of its key enzymes, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase (ACS) and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase (ACO). Transgenic Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants with enhanced GSH content (AtECS) exhibited remarkable up-regulation of ACS2, ACS6, and ACO1 at transcript as well as protein levels, while they were down-regulated in the GSH-depleted phytoalexin deficient2-1 (pad2-1) mutant. We further observed that GSH induced ACS2 and ACS6 transcription in a WRKY33-dependent manner, while ACO1 transcription remained unaffected. On the other hand, the messenger RNA stability for ACO1 was found to be increased by GSH, which explains our above observations. In addition, we also identified the ACO1 protein to be a subject for S-glutathionylation, which is consistent with our in silico data. However, S-glutathionylation of ACS2 and ACS6 proteins was not detected. Further, the AtECS plants exhibited resistance to necrotrophic infection and salt stress, while the pad2-1 mutant was sensitive. Exogenously applied GSH could improve stress tolerance in wild-type plants but not in the ET-signaling mutant ethylene insensitive2-1, indicating that GSH-mediated resistance to these stresses occurs via an ET-mediated pathway. Together, our investigation reveals a dual-level regulation of ET biosynthesis by GSH during stress.

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Glutathione regulates ACC synthase transcription via WRKY33 and ACC oxidase by modulating mRNA stability to induce ethylene synthesis during stress

et al. 2015

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“…The expression of various stress‐responsive genes is altered in the two GSH‐deficient mutants, the regulator of axillary meristem 1 ( rax1‐1 ) and cadmium sensitive 2‐1 ( cad2‐1 ), due to their reduced GSH contents (Ball et al, 2004). Another GSH‐deficient mutant, phytoalexin deficient 2‐1 ( pad2‐1 ), is severely susceptible to Pseudomonas syringae and Phytophthora brassicae infections (Datta & Chattopadhyay, 2015; Glazebrook & Ausubel, 1994; Glazebrook et al, 1997; Parisy et al, 2007). Besides, GSH is involved in the modulation of NPR1‐dependent and independent salicylic acid signalling pathways (Ghanta et al, 2011; Han et al, 2013).…”

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confidence: 99%

Glutathione regulates transcriptional activation of iron transporters via S‐nitrosylation of bHLH factors to modulate subcellular iron homoeostasis

Shee¹,

Ghosh²,

Khan³

et al. 2022

Plant Cell & Environment

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Glutathione (GSH) is known to regulate iron (Fe) deficiency response in plants but its involvement in modulating subcellular Fe homoeostasis remains elusive. In this study, we report that the GSH-deficient mutants, cad2-1 and pad2-1 displayed increased sensitivity to Fe deficiency with significant downregulation of the vacuolar Fe exporters, AtNRAMP3 and AtNRAMP4, and the chloroplast Fe importer, AtPIC1. Moreover, the pad2-1 mutant accumulated higher Fe levels in vacuoles but lower Fe levels in chloroplasts compared to wild type (Columbia ecotype [Col-0]) under Fe limited conditions. Exogenous GSH treatment enhanced chloroplast Fe contents in Col-0 but failed to do so in the nramp3nramp4 double mutants demonstrating that GSH plays a role in modulating subcellular Fe homoeostasis. Pharmacological experiments, mutant analysis, and promoter assays revealed that this regulation involves the transcriptional activation of Fe transporter genes by a GSH-S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) module. The Fe responsive bHLH transcription factors (TFs), AtbHLH29, AtbHLH38, and AtbHLH101 were found to interact with the promoters of these genes, which were, in turn, activated via S-nitrosylation (SNO). Taken together, the present study highlights the role of the GSH-GSNO module in regulating subcellular Fe homoeostasis by transcriptional activation of the Fe transporters AtNRAMP3, AtNRAMP4, and AtPIC1 via SNO of bHLH TFs during Fe deficiency.

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“…(2004) reported that several stress responsive genes were altered due to changed GSH metabolism in A. thaliana rax1-1 and cad2-1 mutants of GSH biosynthesis enzyme. Another GSH deficient mutant, pad2-1 , was demonstrated to be susceptible to Pseudomonas syringae as well as P. brassicae infections (Glazebrook and Ausubel, 1994; Glazebrook et al ., 1997; Parisy et al ., 2007; Datta and Chattopadhyay, 2015). Besides, GSH was shown to be involved in the modulation of NPR1-dependent and independent salicylic acid signalling pathways (Ghanta et al ., 2011; Han et al ., 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glutathione regulates transcriptional activation of iron transporters via S-nitrosylation of bHLH factors to modulate subcellular iron homeostasis

Shee

Ghosh²,

Khan³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Glutathione (GSH) is a ubiquitous molecule known to regulate various physiological and developmental phenomena in plants. Recently, its involvement in regulating iron (Fe) deficiency response was established in Arabidopsis. However, the role of GSH in modulating subcellular Fe homeostasis remained elusive. In this study, we dissected the role of GSH in regulating Fe homeostasis in Arabidopsis shoots under Fe limited conditions. The two GSH depleted mutants, cad2-1 and pad2-1 displayed increased sensitivity to Fe deficiency with smaller rosette diameter and higher chlorosis level compared with the Col-0 plants. Interestingly, the expression of the vacuolar Fe exporters, AtNRAMP3 and AtNRAMP4, chloroplast Fe importer, AtPIC1, along with AtFer1 and AtIRT1 were significantly down-regulated in these mutants. The expression of these genes were up-regulated in response to exogenous GSH treatment while treatment with BSO, a GSH inhibitor, down-regulated their expression. Moreover, the mutants accumulated higher Fe content in the vacuole and lower in the chloroplast compared with Col-0 under Fe limited condition suggesting a role of GSH in modulating subcellular Fe homeostasis. This regulation was, further, found to involve a GSNO-dependent pathway. Promoter analysis revealed that GSH induced the transcription of these genes presumably via S-nitrosylation of different Fe responsive bHLH transcription factors.

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Changes in the proteome of pad2-1, a glutathione depleted Arabidopsis mutant, during Pseudomonas syringae infection

Cited by 10 publications

References 62 publications

Glutathione regulates ACC synthase transcription via WRKY33 and ACC oxidase by modulating mRNA stability to induce ethylene synthesis during stress

Glutathione regulates ACC synthase transcription via WRKY33 and ACC oxidase by modulating mRNA stability to induce ethylene synthesis during stress

Glutathione regulates transcriptional activation of iron transporters via S‐nitrosylation of bHLH factors to modulate subcellular iron homoeostasis

Glutathione regulates transcriptional activation of iron transporters via S-nitrosylation of bHLH factors to modulate subcellular iron homeostasis

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