Changes in the protein–polysaccharides of pig articular cartilage during prenatal life, development and old age

Šimůnek, Z.; Muir, Helen

doi:10.1042/bj1260515

Cited by 107 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…In previous studies we found similar differences in other species: baboons, pigs, and rats [13; Stanescu el a!., unpublished]. By using different methods, Brandt and M uir [4] and Simunek and M uir [22] found differences in the proteoglycans of the pig articular cartilage during prenatal life, development and old age. Further studies are necessary to establish the period in which the pattern of fetal proteoglycans of the human growth cartilage is changed into that found in older children.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 49%

Chemical Studies on the Human Growth Cartilage in Fetuses and Newborns

Stănescu¹,

Stănescu²,

Maroteaux³

1973

Neonatology

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Microchemical determination of hexosamine and hydroxyproline performed in isolated histological zones from sections of tibial epiphyseal plate obtained from fetuses, newborn infants and children showed a decrease of hexosamine and an increase of hydroxyproline concentration with age. Fractionation of glycosaminoglycans demonstrates that the differences in hexosamine are due mainly to variations in chondroitin sulphates. Gel electrophoresis of protoeglycans showed different patterns in fetuses and in older children. It is suggested that the permeability, sieving and ionexchange properties of the growth plate change probably with age. In several newborns with important general pathologic findings, a decrease of hexosamine was found in the column zone.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 49%

Chemical Studies on the Human Growth Cartilage in Fetuses and Newborns

Stănescu¹,

Stănescu²,

Maroteaux³

1973

Neonatology

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“…A varied population of protein-polysaccharides has also been demonstrated in porcine cartilage of different anatomical origins (10,11). Simuinek and Muir (12) have recently shown that larger molecular weight protein-polysaccharides of pig articular cartilage predominate during prenatal life, as compared to early postnatal development and old age. Our results suggest that chick embryonic cartilage produces a larger molecule than that of adult cartilage.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Proteochondroitin Sulfate by Normal, Nanomelic, and 5-Bromodeoxyuridine-Treated Chondrocytes in Cell Culture

Palmoski

Goetinck

1972

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Chondrocytes grown in cell culture from micromelic chick sterna and 5-bromodeoxyuridinetreated normal cells showed reduced incorporation of sulfate into hyaluronidase-sensitive material as compared to normal chondrocytes. Proteochondroitin sulfate synthesized by normal embryonic chick chondrocytes in cell culture was heterogeneous on chromatography. The major chromatographic component was specifically inhibited in normal chondrocytes treated with 5-bromodeoxyuridine, and this component was absent in nanomelic chondrocytes.In studies of the metabolism of chondrocytes in vitro, attention has been directed to the metabolism of chondroitin sulfate and to the activity of enzymes involved in the formation of uridine nucleotide sugar precursors of this glycosaminoglycan. Chondroitin sulfate, a repeating unit of uronic acid and sulfated N-acetyl-galactosamine, is part of a much larger molecule, proteochondroitin sulfate, which consists of several chondroitin sulfate molecules linked to a protein backbone by neutral sugar linkage regions. We have studied the synthesis of proteochondroitin sulfate. More specifically, the synthesis of proteochondroitin sulfate in normal chondrocytes was compared to that in normal chondrocytes exposed to 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) and in chondrocytes from embryos homozygous for the recessive gene, nanomelia (1). The metabolism of chondroitin sulfate in the cartilage of these micromelic embryos is defective (2, 3).In this report, we present evidence for chromatographic heterogeneity of proteochondroitin sulfate in normal embryonic chick chondrocytes in cell culture. In addition we show a specific inhibition of the major chromatographic component in normal chondrocytes treated with BrdU and the absence of this component in nanomelic chondrocytes. MATERIALS AND METHODSChondrocytes from sternal chick cartilage were used in all cultures. Normal and nanomelic sterna were dissected from 14-day embryos that resulted from matings between birds heterozygous for the recessive lethal gene, nm (1). Phenotypically normal siblings are designated as normal. After careful removal of the perichondrial layer, the sterna were disassociated by the method of Cahn et al. (4). The cells were counted in a hemocytometer and plated at an initial density of 2 X 105 cells in 60-mm plastic culture plates. The medium used for all cell cultures consisted of 50% Ham's F-10 with twice the vitamin and 4 times the aminoacid concentration, 3385 38% Hank's balanced salt solution, bovine-serum albumin (5 /Ag/ml), and 10% fetal-calf serum. A fraction from embryo extract excluded by chromatography on Sephadex G-25 columns was added to the medium for the first 2 days of culture to increase plating efficiency (5). The medium also contained 50 units/ml each of penicillin and streptomycin. When applicable, BrdU was added to a final concentration of 10 ALM 4 days after initial plating of the cells. The cells were grown for 12 days in an atmosphere of 5% C02-95%7 air.Medium (4 ml per plate) was changed every other day. Appropria...

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“…Such changes in proteoglycan structure are not unique to the human, but have also been shown in a variety of animals (10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16). Again, the changes in glycosylation appear to be predominant between birth and the end of growth (17).…”

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confidence: 92%

The Structure and Abundance of Cartilage Proteoglycans during Early Development of the Human Fetus

Roughley

White

Glant³

1987

Pediatr Res

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ABSTRACT. Proteoglycan was isolated from the epiphyseal cartilage of the knee joint from human fetuses, ranging in age from 11 to 19 wk of gestation. The content of proteoglycan, per wet weight of cartilage, increased with gestational age, and structural changes were observed in the proteoglycan subunits, particularly with respect to hydrodynamic size and the position of sulfation of the chondroitin sulfate chains. While 6-sulfation remained fairly constant on about half the disaccharide residues during the age period examined, the proportion of nonsulfated residues decreased with gestational age and there was a corresponding increase in the proportion of 4-sulfated residues. Other structural parameters showed little change, and after 11 wk of gestation the majority of proteoglycan subunits were able to interact with hyaluronic acid to form aggregates. Link proteins were detected in the cartilage at all ages and their abundance increased with age relative to other cartilage proteins. They showed little change in structural heterogeneity, with the two larger molecular forms predominating. In contrast to the proteoglycans, cartilage proteins were in high abundance at 11 wk of gestation, but decreased considerably with time, although there was little change in the relative proportion of the majority of the components. (Pediatr Res 22: [409][410][411][412][413]1987) Abbreviation SDS, sodium dodecyl sulfateHyaline cartilage is best depicted as a solution of proteoglycan and matrix proteins entrapped within a network of collagen fibrils containing a sparse population of cells. The composition of the extracellular matrix is not constant throughout life, and this is particularly true for the proteoglycan, whose structure shows considerable variation. In the human the major changes after birth take place in the first two decades of life (I), representing the period of skeletal development. They are typified by a decrease in the size of the proteoglycan subunit, a decrease in both the size and number of chondroitin sulfate chains, and an increase in the size and number of keratan sulfate chains (2, 3). This latter change occurs concomitantly with a decrease in the number of 0-linked oligosaccharides (4, 5). Such changes in

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Changes in the protein–polysaccharides of pig articular cartilage during prenatal life, development and old age

Cited by 107 publications

References 28 publications

Chemical Studies on the Human Growth Cartilage in Fetuses and Newborns

Chemical Studies on the Human Growth Cartilage in Fetuses and Newborns

Synthesis of Proteochondroitin Sulfate by Normal, Nanomelic, and 5-Bromodeoxyuridine-Treated Chondrocytes in Cell Culture

The Structure and Abundance of Cartilage Proteoglycans during Early Development of the Human Fetus

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