Changes in the Prevalence of Major Depression in an Australian Community Sample Between 1998 and 2008

Goldney, Robert D.; Eckert, Kerena; Hawthorne, Graeme; Taylor, Anne

doi:10.3109/00048674.2010.490520

Cited by 84 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 44 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Between 1991-92 to 2001-2, one-year prevalence rates of major depression increased from 3.33% to 7.06% in a community population of American adults (Compton et al, 2006). Increases have also been observed in Australian communities with prevalence rates rising from 6.8% to 10.3% between 1998 and 2008 (Goldney et al, 2010). While these increased rates of depression may be due, in part, to improvements in diagnostic recognition, changes in diagnostic criteria and increased community acceptance of this condition, contemporary lifestyles might also explain why depression is on the rise.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 70%

A review of lifestyle factors that contribute to important pathways associated with major depression: Diet, sleep and exercise

Lopresti

Hood

Drummond

2013

Journal of Affective Disorders

507

412

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Research on major depression has confirmed that it is caused by an array of biopsychosocial and lifestyle factors. Diet, exercise and sleep are three such influences that play a significant mediating role in the development, progression and treatment of this condition. This review summarises animal and human-based studies on the relationship between these three lifestyle factors and major depressive disorder, and their influence on dysregulated pathways associated with depression, namely neurotransmitter processes, immuno-inflammatory pathways, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis disturbances, oxidative stress and antioxidant defence systems, neuroprogression, and mitochondrial disturbances. Increased attention in future clinical studies on the influence of diet, sleep and exercise on major depressive disorder and investigations of their effect on physiological processes will help to expand our understanding and treatment of major depressive disorder. Mental health interventions, taking into account the bidirectional relationship between these lifestyle factors and major depression are also likely to enhance the efficacy of interventions associated with this disorder.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 70%

A review of lifestyle factors that contribute to important pathways associated with major depression: Diet, sleep and exercise

Lopresti

Hood

Drummond

2013

Journal of Affective Disorders

507

412

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, research supporting this position has been inconsistent. Several studies have shown increases in recent years, 1,2 including among adolescents. [3][4][5][6][7] These studies have included parent reports from population samples 3,4 and physician diagnoses from electronic medical records.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Time trends in symptoms of mental illness in children and adolescents in Canada

McMartin

Kingsbury

Dykxhoorn

et al. 2014

CMAJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Interpretation:With the exception of hyperactivity, the prevalence of symptoms of mental illness in Canadian children and adolescents has remained relatively stable from 1994/95 to 2008/09. Conflicting reports of escalating rates of mental illness in Canada may be explained by differing methodologies between studies, an increase in treatment-seeking behaviour, or changes in diagnostic criteria or practices. AbstractResearch CMAJ, December 9, 2014, 186(18) E673 Methods Study designThis study used data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth, which involves a population-based cohort of Canadian children and adolescents followed prospectively every 2 years by Statistics Canada since 1994/95. 14 The cohort is considered nationally representative, with the exception of children living on First Nations reserves or Crown lands, in institutions and in some remote regions. This study was designed to collect information about multiple aspects of child health and development. The follow-up rate for the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth from cycle 1 (1994/95) to cycle 8 (2008/2009) was 61%.15 Further details about the cohort, including study design and response rates (mostly above 80% at each wave), are described elsewhere. 14,15 The survey included numerous assessments related to child and adolescent mental health. The behaviour scale was adapted from questionnaires used in the Montreal Longitudinal Survey and the Ontario Child Health Study, which were designed to identify children who would most likely qualify for a psychiatric diagnosis based on symptom criteria for the revised 3rd edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 16 This scale has been used in previous studies of child and adolescent adjustment, and has shown good psychometric properties. 17,18 In each cycle, participants aged 10 years or older were asked to self-report the frequency of various feelings and behaviours in the past week, with 3 possible responses ranging from "never or not true" to "often or very true." Each item was assigned a score of 0 to 2 (higher scores indicating a greater degree of mental health problems). Questionnaires were completed on paper, at home in a private setting, and sealed in envelopes to ensure confidentiality.Composite scores were created by summing item scores on each of 4 subscales relevant to adolescent mental illness: conduct disorder (6 items, e.g., "I kick or hit other people my age"), hyperactivity (7 items, e.g., "I am impulsive, I act without thinking"), indirect aggression (5 items, e.g., "When I am mad at someone, I say bad things behind his/her back"), and symptoms of depression/anxiety (7 items, e.g., "I am not as happy as other people my age" and "I worry a lot"). 19 The same items were collected at each cycle, with the exception of 1 hyperactivity item and 1 depression/anxiety item, which were dropped in cycle 4. In the interest of comparability over time, these items were not included in composite scores. All items comprising the final scale...

show abstract

“…[27][28][29] Two large population studies and one large international multisite study in primary care found that self-rated health is associated with depression. 4,30,31 Although there is sound literature on the association between depression and self-rated health, we lack prognostic studies investigating the link between it and depression outcomes over time. Two studies suggest that self-rated health may be an important predictor of poor depression outcome.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Rated Health and Long-Term Prognosis of Depression

Ambresin

Chondros

Dowrick

et al. 2014

The Annals of Family Medicine

125

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

PURPOSE Indicators of prognosis should be considered to fully inform clinical decision making in the treatment of depression. This study examines whether self-rated health predicts long-term depression outcomes in primary care. METHODSOur analysis was based on the first 5 years of a prospective 10-year cohort study underway since January 2005 conducted in 30 randomly selected Australian primary care practices. Participants were 789 adult patients with a history of depressive symptoms. Main outcome measures include risks, risk differences, and risk ratios of major depressive syndrome (MDS) on the Patient Health Questionnaire.RESULTS Retention rates during the 5 years were 660 (84%), 586 (74%), 560 (71%), 533 (68%), and 517 (66%). At baseline, MDS was present in 27% (95% CI, 23%-30%). Cross-sectional analysis of baseline data showed participants reporting poor or fair self-rated health had greater odds of chronic illness, MDS, and lower socioeconomic status than those reporting good to excellent self-rated health. For participants rating their health as poor to fair compared with those rating it good to excellent, risk ratios of MDS were 2.10 (95% CI, 1.60-2.76), 2.38 (95% CI, 1.77-3.20), 2.22 (95% CI, 1.70-2.89), 1.73 (95% CI, 1.30-2.28), and 2.15 (95% CI, 1.59-2.90) at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 years, after accounting for missing data using multiple imputation. After adjusting for age, sex, multimorbidity, and depression status and severity, self-rated health remained a predictor of MDS up to 5 years.CONCLUSIONS Self-rated health offers family physicians an efficient and simple way to identify patients at risk of poor long-term depression outcomes and to inform therapeutic decision making. INTRODUCTIOND epression is the largest contributor to the burden of disease in high-income countries, and further increases are expected.1,2 Of those who seek professional help for depression, 80% turn to a primary care physician. 3 The high prevalence of depressive symptoms in primary care patients highlights the crucial role of primary care in the detection and treatment of depression. 4,5 In clinical practice understanding the prognosis for an individual is central to fully inform treatment decisions, 6 yet prognosis has received limited attention compared with therapeutic and etiological research. 6,7 Validated prognostic indices provide estimates of the probability of an outcome for those with a particular condition 7 and offer improved accuracy in prognostic assumptions that influence clinical decisions. The accuracy of family physicians in predicting the course of depression is described as fair, 9 although as in other conditions it has been studied relatively little. Self-rated health may be a candidate for a simple and transportable prognostic index. It provides a singlequestion assessment of one's subjective health, encompassing physical functioning, as well as psychosocial aspects of health.25,26 Self-rated health has been used as a reliable, quick assessment for population health monitoring. [27][28][29] Two lar...

show abstract

Changes in the Prevalence of Major Depression in an Australian Community Sample Between 1998 and 2008

Cited by 84 publications

References 44 publications

A review of lifestyle factors that contribute to important pathways associated with major depression: Diet, sleep and exercise

A review of lifestyle factors that contribute to important pathways associated with major depression: Diet, sleep and exercise

Time trends in symptoms of mental illness in children and adolescents in Canada

Self-Rated Health and Long-Term Prognosis of Depression

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About